- 阅读理解A
题干：InAmericaalone,tippingisnowa$16billion-a-yearindustry.Arecentpollshowedthat40%ofAmericansloathe(厌恶)thepractice.Consumersactingrationallyoughtnottopaymorethantheyhavetoforagivenservice.Tipsshouldnotexist.Sowhydothey?Theconventionalwisdomisthattipsbothrewardtheeffortsofgoodserviceandreduceuncomfortablefeelingsofinequality.Thebettertheservice,thebiggerthetip.ButaccordingtonewresearchfromCornellUniversity,tippingnolongerservesanyusefulfunction.Thepaperanalysesdatafrom2,547groupsdiningat20differentrestaurants.Thecorrelationbetweenlargertipsandbetterservicewasveryweak:onlyatinypartofthevariabilityinthesizeofthetiphadanythingtodowiththequalityofservice.Customerswhoratedamealas"excellent"stilltippedanywherebetween8%and37%ofthemealprice.Tippingisbetterexplainedbyculturethanbyeconomics.InAmerica,thecustomhasbecomeinstitutionalized:itisregardedaspartoftheacceptedcostofaservice.InaNewYorkrestaurant,failingtotipatleast15%couldwellmeanabusefromthewaiter.Hairdresserscanexpecttoget15－20%,themanwhodeliversyourgroceries$2.InEurope,tippingislesscommon；inmanyrestaurants，discretionary（自由决定的）tippingisbeingreplacedbyastandardservicecharge.InmanyAsiancountries,tippinghasneverreallycaughtonatall.Howtoaccountforthesenationaldifferences?AccordingtoMichaelLynn,theCornellpaper'sco-author,countriesinwhichpeoplearemoreextrovert,sociableorneurotictendtotipmore.Tippingrelievesanxietyaboutbeingservedbystrangers.And,saysMr.Lynn,"inAmerica,wherepeopleareoutgoingandexpressive,tippingisaboutsocialapproval.Ifyoutipbadly,peoplethinklessofyou.Tippingwellisachancetoshowoff."Icelanders,bycontrast,donotusuallytip--ameasureoftheirintroversion,nodoubt.Whilesuchexplanationsmaybecrude,thehardtruthseemstobethattippingdoesnotwork.Itdoesnotbenefitthecustomer.Nor,inthecaseofrestaurants,doesitactuallyencouragethewaiter,orhelptherestaurantmanagertomonitorandassesshisstaff.Servicepeopleshould"justbepaidadecentwage",whichmayactuallymakeeconomicsense.
题目： Which of the following word best describes the author's attitude towards the Cornell paper?（） - A 、Positive
- B 、Negative
- C 、Indifferent
- D 、Disapproval
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参考答案【正确答案：A】
作者引用康奈尔大学的调查研究报告来支持说明自己的观点。
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- A 、Tipping is very popular in America
- B 、Better service deserves bigger tip
- C 、Discretionary tipping is not reasonable
- D 、Tipping embodies one's social status
- 2 【阅读理解A】 According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?（）
- A 、Nobody benefits from tipping in the case of restaurant
- B 、Waiters are not motivated from tipping
- C 、Tipping does not benefit management of the restaurant
- D 、Tips should go into the decent wages of service people
- 3 【阅读理解A】 According to the passage, in which of the following ways does the pressure to appoint women to corporate boards differ from the pressure to employ women in the work force?（）
- A 、Corporate boards are under less pressure because they have such a small number of openings
- B 、Corporate boards have received less pressure from stockholders, consumers, and workers within companies to include women on their boards
- C 、Corporate boards have received less pressure from the media and the public to include women on their boards
- D 、Corporations are not subject to statutory penalty for failing to include women on their boards
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- A 、Long-term inflation
- B 、How to develop new markets
- C 、Health and safety regulations
- D 、Retirement and pension programs
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- A 、strict law against computer crimes must be enforced
- B 、Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information
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- D 、Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes
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- A 、The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country
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- A 、Persons who suffer from a sleep disorder do not necessarily consult with their physician
- B 、Persons who are sleep deprived are more vulnerable to respiratory problems like the common cold and influenza
- C 、Poor sleep habits can affect people’s risk of becoming overweight in the short run
- D 、The identification of sleep deprivation in nurses is not so important as in drivers for maintaining safe
- 8 【阅读理解A】 Which of the following will generate the greatest time cost?（）
- A 、To switch to a more unfamiliar task
- B 、To switch to a more complex task
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- B 、Harmful.
- C 、Careless.
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