- 阅读理解A
题干：ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotheranti-discriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.
题目： In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on（）. - A 、its nature and problems
- B 、its characteristics and tradition
- C 、its problems and their solutions
- D 、its tradition and development
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
A. 本质与问题；B. 特点与传统；C. 问题与解决方法；D. 传统与发展
主旨题从各段首句进行概括：第二段第一句：But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.（然而，1986年，陪审团挑选程序仍然和这些民主理念相冲突）第三段第一句：The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.（在20世纪中期之前，女性也仍未被纳入陪审团成员之中）第四段第一句In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.（1968年，美国国会通过Selection and Service Act,开启陪审团民主改革的新纪元）总体来说，本文是讲陪审团原来的传统做法随着年代的流逝而不断完善的一个过程。因而答案选D。
您可能感兴趣的试题- 1 【阅读理解A】 From the principles of the U.S. jury system, we learn that（）.
- A 、 both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries
- B 、defendants are immune from trial by their peers
- C 、no age limit should be imposed for jury service
- D 、 judgment should consider the opinion of the public
- 2 【阅读理解A】 Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because（）.
- A 、 they were automatically banned by state laws
- B 、they fell far short of the required qualifications
- C 、they were supposed to perform domestic duties
- D 、they tended to evade public engagement
- 3 【阅读理解A】 After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,（）.
- A 、sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
- B 、educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
- C 、 jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
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- 4 【阅读理解A】 A suitable title for this text could be（）.
- A 、A Faulty Approach to Homework
- B 、A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
- C 、Thorny Questions about Homework
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- A 、employment in the US
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- A 、How to Enjoy Easy Reading
- B 、How to Find Time to Read
- C 、How to Set Reading Goals
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- 7 【阅读理解A】 The author organizes the text by（）.
- A 、raising a question and arguing about it
- B 、identifying a problem and solving it
- C 、countering a flawed argument and bringing a new one
- D 、discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it
- 8 【阅读理解A】In the author's opinion, America’s health system is_____.
- A 、inefficient
- B 、feasible
- C 、unpopular
- D 、successful
- 9 【阅读理解A】Which of the following is true of the text?
- A 、Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
- B 、Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
- C 、People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.
- D 、Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
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