- 阅读理解A
题干：ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotheranti-discriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.
题目： After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,（）. - A 、sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
- B 、educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
- C 、 jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
- D 、states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
A. 陪审员挑选中性别歧视违背宪法的，应该废除
B. 在选择联邦陪审员时，教育背景的要求没有那么严格了
C. 州级陪审员应该代表整个社会
D. 各州应该遵从联邦法院的规定进行陪审团制度改革
文章第四段第二两句话：This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. （该法废除了联邦陪审员的教育要求，规定从整个社区的代表中随机选取），因而，该法颁布后，陪审员的教育背景不再严格。故答案选B。
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- A 、gross
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- A 、grows-ups
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- 3 【阅读理解A】 In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on？（）
- A 、a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
- B 、a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
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- 4 【阅读理解A】 From the principles of the U.S. jury system, we learn that（）.
- A 、 both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries
- B 、defendants are immune from trial by their peers
- C 、no age limit should be imposed for jury service
- D 、 judgment should consider the opinion of the public
- 5 【阅读理解A】 Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because（）.
- A 、 they were automatically banned by state laws
- B 、they fell far short of the required qualifications
- C 、they were supposed to perform domestic duties
- D 、they tended to evade public engagement
- 6 【阅读理解A】 In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on（）.
- A 、its nature and problems
- B 、its characteristics and tradition
- C 、its problems and their solutions
- D 、its tradition and development
- 7 【阅读理解A】 According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to（）.
- A 、become more stable
- B 、report increased earnings
- C 、do less well in the stock market
- D 、perform worse in lawsuits
- 8 【阅读理解A】What did the pilot do with the plane after it took off?
- A 、He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.
- B 、He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.
- C 、He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.
- D 、He climbed and then made the plane turn over.
- 9 【阅读理解A】The US achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because_____.
- A 、it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
- B 、its domestic market was eight times larger than before
- C 、the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
- D 、the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
- 10 【阅读理解A】The expression “tip service" ( Line 4, Para.3) most probably means_____.
- A 、advisory
- B 、compensation
- C 、interaction
- D 、reminder
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