- 阅读理解A
题干：ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotheranti-discriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.
题目： Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because（）. - A 、they were automatically banned by state laws
- B 、they fell far short of the required qualifications
- C 、they were supposed to perform domestic duties
- D 、they tended to evade public engagement
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
A. 州法律自动禁止；B. 她们远远没有达到规定的资格；C. 她们应该去完成家庭职责；D. 她们倾向于逃避公众参与
文章第三段末句：This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.（这种做法（排除女性陪审）的解释是家庭需要女性。于是，整个20世纪60年代，女性都被排除在陪审团外。故答案选C。
您可能感兴趣的试题- 1 【单选题】American women were（）the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
- A 、ignored
- B 、neglected
- C 、refused
- D 、denied
- 2 【单选题】He（）the fight for full "civil rights" for women in Japan for ten years.
- A 、led
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- A 、look up
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- A 、is
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- 6 【阅读理解A】 From the principles of the U.S. jury system, we learn that（）.
- A 、 both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries
- B 、defendants are immune from trial by their peers
- C 、no age limit should be imposed for jury service
- D 、 judgment should consider the opinion of the public
- 7 【阅读理解A】 After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed,（）.
- A 、sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
- B 、educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
- C 、 jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
- D 、states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
- 8 【阅读理解A】 In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on（）.
- A 、its nature and problems
- B 、its characteristics and tradition
- C 、its problems and their solutions
- D 、its tradition and development
- 9 【阅读理解A】Judging from the skills women specialize in they might be suitable to be a/an_____.
- A 、engineer
- B 、worker
- C 、nurse
- D 、long-distance runner
- 10 【阅读理解B】Even if the bureau's arbitration process is fruitless
- A 、business always emphasized themaintenance of customers.
- B 、they can directly get the service they need.
- C 、few customers will appeal to claims court.
- D 、impoliteness is a kind of bad service.
- E 、theyregard retailing as a temporary job.
- 、they have spent much time on TV and computers.
- 、shoppers are usually strident, frustrated and impatient.
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