- 阅读理解A
题干：Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcentury,andeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.Doesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappiness?Easterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness.“TherehasbeennoimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury—aperiodinwhichrealGDP(grossdomesticproduct)percapitalmorethandoubled,”Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:“Asincomesrise,theaspirationleveldoestoo,andtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome.”Moneycanbuyhappiness,Easterlinseemstobesaying,butonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome“necessarytogetalong”rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighbors,poorifwehaveless,andfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s“hierarchyofwants”asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvy,soourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:“Thefuture,then,towhichtheearofmoderneconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowth,aworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirations,aworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplenty,itisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheend,itisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;rather,itisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity.”
题目： The author organizes the text by（）. - A 、raising a question and arguing about it
- B 、identifying a problem and solving it
- C 、countering a flawed argument and bringing a new one
- D 、discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it
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参考答案【正确答案：A】
本文首段指出“二十世纪人们的生活水平一直在飚升，而且经济学家们认为在未来的几十年里它们将继续升高。那是否意味着我们人类能够期待幸福感的增加呢？”这里，作者用一个问句提出文章主题。接下来，就该问题进行具体论证，提出Easterlin的观点及其与Maslow观点的不同之处，文章最后引用Easterlin的话对全文进行总结。由此可以看出，本文谋篇布局是以问题开头，引出论证，故A项“提出问题，并就此论证”为正确答案。
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- B 、Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
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