- 阅读理解A
题干：Whatwouldmakeasmokermorelikelytoquit,abigrewardforsucceedingoralittlepenaltyforfailing?ThatiswhatresearcherswantedtoknowwhentheyassignedalargegroupofCVSemployees(CVSCaremarkisthecountry'slargestdrugstorechainbysales),theirrelativesandfriendstodifferentsmokingcessationprograms."Addingabitofastickwasmuchbetterthanapurecarrot.Theselargeemployersarespendinganaverageof$800to$900peremployeeperyear,butinwaysthatareoftenblindtonormalhumanpsychology"saidDr.ScottHalpern,wholedthestudy.Thetrialwasintendedtochangethat.Researchersrandomlyassignedtheparticipantstoanumberofprogramoptionsandletthemdecidewhethertheywantedtoparticipate.Thepenaltyprogramrequiredparticipantstodeposit$150;sixmonthslater,thosewhohadquitsmokingwouldgetthedepositback,alongwitha$650reward.Intherewardonlyprogram,participantsweresimplyofferedan$800paymentiftheystavedoffcigarettesforsixmonths.Thetrial,whichwasdescribedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineonWednesday,wasthelargestyettotestwhetherofferingpeoplefinancialincentivescouldleadtobetterhealth.Researchersfoundthatofferingincentiveswasfarmoreeffectiveingettingpeopletostopsmokingthanthetraditionalapproachofgivingfreesmokingcessationhelp,suchascounselingornicotinereplacementtherapylikegum,medicationorpatches.Buttheyalsofoundthatrequiringa$150depositthatwouldbelostifthepersonfailedtostayoffcigarettesforsixmonthsnearlydoubledthechancesofsuccess.“Thisisanoriginalsetoffindings,”saidCassR.Sunstein,aHarvardlawprofessorwhohelpeddevelopsomeinfluentialideasinthefieldofbehavioraleconomics,notablythatifthesocialenvironmentcanbechanged--forexample,bypostingsimplewarnings--peoplecanbenudgedintobetterbehavior."Theycouldbeappliedtomanyhealthissues,likealcoholism,orwheneverpeoplefaceseriousself-controlproblems."Overall,successeludedmostofthestudyparticipants.Morethan80percentofsmokersinthemostpopularpurerewardsgroupwerestillsmokingattheendofthestudy.Evenso,researcherssay,theirsuccessratewasfargreaterthanforthosewhogotthetraditionaltreatment.SmokingisthelargestcauseofpreventabledeathintheUnitedStates.Diseaseslinkedtoitkillmorethan480,000Americansayear.Andevenasmalldeclinecouldhaveabighealtheffect.
题目： The underlined word "that" in Paragraph 2 refers to the situation that ( ). - A 、using a carrot is worse than using a stick
- B 、the spending on physical examination is less
- C 、employers ignore normal human psychology of their staff
- D 、large companies put too much money in their employees
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
根据题干关键词Paragraph 2定位到第二段。The trial was intended to change that，此处的that指代的是斯科特·哈尔彭博士所说的情况，尤其是最后指出的“但他们花钱时却往往对正常人员心理层面上的因素视而不见”。C项“用人单位忽视了他们员工的正常人员心理层面上的因素”是that指代的内容，故C项为正确答案，并排除D项“大型用人单位在他们的员工身上花费太多”。A项“用萝卜比用大棒更糟糕”是对首句字面意思的误解。B项“在体检上的花销比较少”原文没有提及。
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