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  • 阅读理解A
    题干:Manyadultsmaythinkthey’regettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youputyourselfatriskforhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandslowsdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleep.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsRMRcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaysothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.
    题目: The word “backfire” (Line 3, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to().
  • A 、produce explosion
  • B 、trigger the opposite effect
  • C 、cause fire in the backyard
  • D 、lead to sleep paralysis

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参考答案

【正确答案:B】

词语释义。第四段第一句说,在快速动眼睡眠(REM)的时候,除了眼睛上的肌肉以外,你全身的肌肉基本上都是不动的,这是为了让你在做梦时不会肢体乱动(以免弄伤自己)。紧接着第二句,unfortunately进行了转折:你全身肌肉不动是为了保护你睡眠的安全,可是有时也会backfire,引起“睡眠瘫痪”。根据上下文的逻辑,可以看出backfire的意思是B:产生事与愿违的结果。

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