- 阅读理解A
题干:Manyadultsmaythinkthey’regettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youputyourselfatriskforhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandslowsdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleep.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsRMRcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaysothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.
题目: The word “backfire” (Line 3, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to(). - A 、produce explosion
- B 、trigger the opposite effect
- C 、cause fire in the backyard
- D 、lead to sleep paralysis

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【正确答案:B】
词语释义。第四段第一句说,在快速动眼睡眠(REM)的时候,除了眼睛上的肌肉以外,你全身的肌肉基本上都是不动的,这是为了让你在做梦时不会肢体乱动(以免弄伤自己)。紧接着第二句,unfortunately进行了转折:你全身肌肉不动是为了保护你睡眠的安全,可是有时也会backfire,引起“睡眠瘫痪”。根据上下文的逻辑,可以看出backfire的意思是B:产生事与愿违的结果。

- 1 【阅读理解A】The word “precedents” (Line 1, Para. 4) probably refers to().
- A 、early acts for men to follow as examples
- B 、particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance
- C 、things that men should agree upon
- D 、men’s beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided
- 2 【阅读理解A】 he word “pinpoint” (Para. 1, Line 3) basically means().
- A 、appreciate
- B 、obtain
- C 、interpret
- D 、identify
- 3 【阅读理解A】The word “liability” (Para. 1. Line 4) most probably means “()”.
- A 、misfortune
- B 、instability
- C 、disadvantage
- D 、burden
- 4 【阅读理解A】 The word “viscerally”(para.5) is closest in meaning to().
- A 、instinctively
- B 、occasionally
- C 、particularly
- D 、aggressively
- 5 【阅读理解A】 The word “portend” (Line 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to “()”.
- A 、defy
- B 、signal
- C 、suffer from
- D 、result from
- 6 【阅读理解A】 The word “coax” (Para.6) is closest in meaning to().
- A 、challenge
- B 、persuade
- C 、frighten
- D 、misguide
- 7 【阅读理解A】 The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to().
- A 、adaptation
- B 、application
- C 、motivation
- D 、competition
- 8 【阅读理解A】The word “savvy” ( Line 2,Para 2) probably means_____.
- A 、suspicious
- B 、secure
- C 、shrewd
- D 、simple
- 9 【阅读理解A】The word “meager” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”
- A 、modest
- B 、poor
- C 、meaningless
- D 、plentiful
- 10 【阅读理解A】The word “talking" ( Line 6,Para.3 ) denotes_____.
- A 、modesty
- B 、personality
- C 、liveliness
- D 、informality
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