- 阅读理解A
题干：Thedifferencesinlivingstandardsaroundtheworldarevast.In1993'theaverageAmericanhadanincomeofabout$25，000.Inthesameyear,theaverageMexicanearned$7，000，andtheaverageNigerianearned$1,500.Notsurprisingly,thislargevariationinaverageincomeisreflectedinvariousmeasuresofthequalityoflife.Changesinlivingstandardsovertimearealsolarge.IntheUnitedStates，incomeshavehistoricallygrownabout2percentperyear(afteradjustingforchangesinthecostofliving).Atthisrate,averageincomedoublesevery35years.Insomecountries,economicgrowthhasbeenevenmorerapid.InJapan,forinstance,averageincomehasdoubledinthepast20years,andinSouthKoreaithasdoubledinthepast10years.Whatexplainstheselargedifferencesinlivingstandardsamongcountriesandovertime?Theanswerissurprisinglysimple.Almostallvariationinlivingstandardsisattributabletodifferencesincountries’productivity-thatis,theamountofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachhourofaworker’stime.Innationswhereworkerscanproducealargequantityofgoodsandservicesperunitoftime,mostpeopleenjoyahighstandardofliving；innationswhereworkersarelessproductive,mostpeoplemustendureamoremeagerexistence.Similarly,thegrowthrateofanation'sproductivitydeterminesthegrowthrateofitsaverageincome.Thefundamentalrelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsissimple，butitsimplicationsarefar-reaching.Ifproductivityistheprimarydeterminantoflivingsstandards，otherexplanationsmustbeofsecondaryimportance.Forexample,peoplemightthinkthatlaborunionsorminimum-wagelawscontributedtotheriseinlivingstandardsofAmericanworkersoverthepastcentury.YettherealheroofAmericanworkersistheirrisingproductivity.Therelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsalsohasgreatimplicationsforpublicpolicy.Whenthinkingabouthowanypolicywillaffectlivingstandards，thekeyquestionishowitwillaffectourabilitytoproducegoodsandservices.Toimprovelivingstandards，policymakersneedtoraiseproductivitybyensuringthatworkersarewelleducated，havethetoolsneededtoproducegoodsandservices,andhaveaccesstothebestavailabletechnology.
题目：The word “meager” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____” - A 、modest
- B 、poor
- C 、meaningless
- D 、plentiful
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
词汇题。该词出现在第二段 In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods andservices per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living ； in nations where workers areless productive，most people must endure a more meager existence. 通读这几句’我们可知 meager一词肯定跟贫困的意思接近，因此答案是Poor。modest表示“谦虚的，适度的”；meaningless表示“没有意义的”；plentiful表示“许多的，丰富的”。
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