- 阅读理解A
题干:Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.Andyet,itwouldbeamistaketothinkwearerightnowsimplyexperiencingthepainfulsideofaboomandbustcycle.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.Sincetechnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinuetorestructureoureconomyinwayswecan’timmediatelyforesee.Whenthereisrapidimprovementinthepriceandperformanceoftechnology,jobsthatwereoncethoughttobeimmunefromautomationsuddenlybecomethreatened.Thisargumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccessofthebookRaceAgainsttheMachine,byErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,whobothhailfromMIT’sCenterforDigitalBusiness.Thisisapowerfulargument,andascaryone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authorofThePowerofPullandotherbooks,saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissthereasonwhythesejobsaresovulnerabletotechnologyinthefirstplace.HagelsayswehavedesignedjobsintheU.S.thattendtobe“tightlyscripted”and“highlystandardized”onesthatleavenoroomfor“individualinitiativeorcreativity.”Inshort,thesearethetypesofjobsthatmachinescanperformmuchbetteratthanhumanbeings.ThatishowwehaveputagianttargetsignonthebacksofAmericanworkers,Hagelsays.It’stimetoreinventtheformulaforhowworkisconducted,sincewearestillrelyingonavery20thcenturynotionofwork,Hagelsays.Inourrapidlychangingeconomy,wemorethaneverneedpeopleintheworkplacewhocantakeinitiativeandexercisetheirimagination“torespondtounexpectedevents.”That’snotsomethingmachinesaregoodat.Theyaredesignedtoperformverypredictableactivities.AsHagelnotes,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeeindeedtouchedonthispointintheirbook.Weneedtoreframeraceagainstthemachineasracewiththemachine.Inotherwords,weneedtolookatthewaysinwhichmachinescanaugmenthumanlaborratherthanreplaceit.Sothentheproblemisnotreallyabouttechnology,butrather,“howdoweinnovateourinstitutionsandourworkpractices?”
题目: According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed(). - A 、the predictability of machine behavior in practice
- B 、the formula for how work is conducted efficiently
- C 、the ways machines replace human labor in modern times
- D 、the necessity of human involvement in the workplace
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参考答案
【正确答案:D】
文章第六段的第一句出现的指示代词“this point”指代上文,故定位于第五段。该段讲到"In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” (在快速发展的经济中,我们比以往更需要人的参与,因为人具有创造力和想象力,可以应对预期外的事情,而机器却不能。)",文中虽然提及B选项,但是是Hagel的观点。A、C选项没有提及。故答案为D “工作中人的参与的重要性”。
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