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  • 阅读理解A
    题干:InancientGreek,thetermeuthanatosmeant“easydeath”.Todayeuthanasia(安乐死)generallyreferstomercykilling,thevoluntaryendingofthelifeofsomeonewhoisterminallyill.Likeabortion,euthanasiahasbecomealegal,medical,andmoralissueoverwhichopinionisdivided.Euthanasiacanbeeitheractiveorpassive.Activeeuthanasiameansthanaphysicianorothermedicalpersonneltakesanactionthatwillresultindeath,suchasgivinganoverdoseofdeadlymedicine.Passiveeuthanasiameanslettingapatientdieforlackoftreatment,orstoppingthetreatmentthathasbegun.Examplesofpassiveeuthanasiaincludetakingpatientsoffabreathingmachineorremovingotherlife-supportsystems.Stoppingthefoodsupplyisalsoconsideredpassive.Agooddealofthedebateaboutmercykillingoriginatesfromthedecision-makingprocess.Whodecideswhetherapatientistodie?ThisissuehasnetbeensolvedlegallyintheUnitedStates.Thematterislefttostatelaw,whichusuallyallowsthephysicianinchargetosuggesttheoptionofdeathtoapatient’srelatives,especiallyifthepatientisbraindead.Inanattempttomakedecisionsaboutwhentheirownlivesshouldend,severalterminallyillpatientsintheearly1990susedacontroversialsuicidedevice,developedbyDr.JackKevorkian,toendtheirlives.InpartsofEurope,thedecision-makingprocesshasbecomeveryflexible.Evenincaseswherethepatientsarenotbraindead,patentshavebeenputtodeathwithouttheirapprovalattherequestofrelativesoratthesuggestionofphysicians.Manycasesofpassiveeuthanasiainvolveoldpeopleornewborninfants.Theprinciplejustifyingthispracticeisthatsuchindividualshave“lifenotworthyoflife”.Incountrieswherepassiveeuthanasiaisnotlegal,thecourtsystemshaveprovedverytolerantindealingwithmedicalpersonnelwhopracticeit.InJapan,forexample,ifphysiciansfollowcertainguidelinestheymayactivelycartoutmercykillingsonhopelesslyillpeople.Courtshavealsobeensomewhattolerantoffriendsorrelativeswhohaveassistedterminallyillpatientstodie.
    题目:According to the passage, who has/have the legal responsibility to decide on euthanasia?
  • A 、The national or state government.
  • B 、The patient's relatives.
  • C 、Physicians in charge of the patient.
  • D 、The answer varies from country to country.

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参考答案

【正确答案:D】

推断题。答案在第三、四、五段。第三段第二句Who decides whether a patient is to die?提出问题紧接着论述了这一问题在美国的情况,指出This issue has not been solved legally in theUnited States. 而第四段介绍了在欧洲的情况 In parts of Europe, the decision-making processhas become very flexible. 而第五段又介绍了在其他一些国家的情况。由此可推断出对这个问题,不同的国家情况不同, 所以选D选项。

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