- 阅读理解A
题干：Whatwouldmakeasmokermorelikelytoquit,abigrewardforsucceedingoralittlepenaltyforfailing?ThatiswhatresearcherswantedtoknowwhentheyassignedalargegroupofCVSemployees(CVSCaremarkisthecountry'slargestdrugstorechainbysales),theirrelativesandfriendstodifferentsmokingcessationprograms."Addingabitofastickwasmuchbetterthanapurecarrot.Theselargeemployersarespendinganaverageof$800to$900peremployeeperyear,butinwaysthatareoftenblindtonormalhumanpsychology"saidDr.ScottHalpern,wholedthestudy.Thetrialwasintendedtochangethat.Researchersrandomlyassignedtheparticipantstoanumberofprogramoptionsandletthemdecidewhethertheywantedtoparticipate.Thepenaltyprogramrequiredparticipantstodeposit$150;sixmonthslater,thosewhohadquitsmokingwouldgetthedepositback,alongwitha$650reward.Intherewardonlyprogram,participantsweresimplyofferedan$800paymentiftheystavedoffcigarettesforsixmonths.Thetrial,whichwasdescribedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineonWednesday,wasthelargestyettotestwhetherofferingpeoplefinancialincentivescouldleadtobetterhealth.Researchersfoundthatofferingincentiveswasfarmoreeffectiveingettingpeopletostopsmokingthanthetraditionalapproachofgivingfreesmokingcessationhelp,suchascounselingornicotinereplacementtherapylikegum,medicationorpatches.Buttheyalsofoundthatrequiringa$150depositthatwouldbelostifthepersonfailedtostayoffcigarettesforsixmonthsnearlydoubledthechancesofsuccess.“Thisisanoriginalsetoffindings,”saidCassR.Sunstein,aHarvardlawprofessorwhohelpeddevelopsomeinfluentialideasinthefieldofbehavioraleconomics,notablythatifthesocialenvironmentcanbechanged--forexample,bypostingsimplewarnings--peoplecanbenudgedintobetterbehavior."Theycouldbeappliedtomanyhealthissues,likealcoholism,orwheneverpeoplefaceseriousself-controlproblems."Overall,successeludedmostofthestudyparticipants.Morethan80percentofsmokersinthemostpopularpurerewardsgroupwerestillsmokingattheendofthestudy.Evenso,researcherssay,theirsuccessratewasfargreaterthanforthosewhogotthetraditionaltreatment.SmokingisthelargestcauseofpreventabledeathintheUnitedStates.Diseaseslinkedtoitkillmorethan480,000Americansayear.Andevenasmalldeclinecouldhaveabighealtheffect.
题目： The most appropriate title for this passage would be（）. - A 、Can Carrot or Stick Better Help Smokers Quit?
- B 、Is Smoking Cessation Programs Effective in CVS?
- C 、Is Pure Rewards Group more Popular than Part Penalty Group?
- D 、Can Traditional Smoking Cessation Treatment Lead to Better Health?
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参考答案【正确答案：A】
根据题干关键词定位到全文，尤其是第一、二段。第一段首句“想让吸烟者戒烟，是对戒烟成功大加奖励还是对戒烟失败小施惩戒，哪个更加有效?”是全文的主题句，说明了下文进行研究的原因；第二段首句借用斯科特·哈尔彭博士的比喻“胡萝卜加一点大棒的效果比纯用胡萝卜更好”进一步对戒烟话题展开阐述，“胡萝卜”指“奖励”，“大棒”指“惩罚”，故A项“奖励还是惩罚，更有利于戒烟?”为正确答案。B项"CVS药店的戒烟方案有效吗?”、C项“纯奖励组比部分惩罚组更受欢迎”和D项“传统戒烟疗法能改善健康吗?”均偏离主旨，不能做文章题目，故排除。
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