- 阅读理解A
题干：Youheartherefrainallthetime：theUSeconomylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的）SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII，thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent；inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertisingcompaniesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctivelyandwronglylabeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead；everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind·Well,therearemanyundeservingrich-overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants-forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare，moreeducation，fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty，thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedUtopian(乌托邦式的）possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖症）.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth：thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.
题目：According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because_____. - A 、public spending hasn’t been cut down as expected
- B 、the government has proved to be a necessary evil
- C 、they are in fear of another Great Depression
- D 、materialism has run wild in modern society
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
判断题。本题旨在分析人们感觉不满意的原因。文章的第二段谈及现代社会的美国已经消除了传统意义上的不幸:贫穷、疾病和寒冷，所以这些都不能称其为导致人们不满的诱因了。根据人名，定位到第三段的第一句话，其中的信息词“discontent”，据此可以确定D选项正确。run wild与文中go mad属于同义替换词。故D选项是正确的。Α和B选项的内容虽在文中出现过，但不具有针对性, 故不选。
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