- 阅读理解A
题干：Manyadultsmaythinkthey’regettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youputyourselfatriskforhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandslowsdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleep.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsRMRcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaysothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.
题目：What effect of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?（） - A 、High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss
- B 、Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long-term memory
- C 、Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory
- D 、High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
整体概括。文章第二段讲到睡眠不足可导致高血压（high pressure），第三段讲到睡眠不足降低免疫系统（weakened immune system），第四段讨论睡眠瘫痪（sleep paralysis），文章最后一段讲到记忆丧失（memory loss），所以答案应该选D。
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