- 阅读理解A
题干：Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforce,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.
题目： What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?（） - A 、He is one of the most important executives in the firm
- B 、His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced
- C 、He is directly under the chief financial executive
- D 、He has no say in making important decisions in the firm
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
问在美国公司中人力资源部经理一职地位如何。第2段第4句话指出：“担任人力资源部经理一职者在公司作出重大决策时从未被咨询过，也没有机会升任公司总经理。”D项说，“他在公司作重大决定时没有发言权。”两句意思相符，故D为正确答案。
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- A 、They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills
- B 、They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business
- C 、They attach more importance to workers than to equipment
- D 、They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition
- 2 【阅读理解A】 What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?（）
- A 、Very instructive
- B 、Very inspiring
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- 3 【阅读理解A】 What’s the difference between the corporation of the past and modern corporations?（）
- A 、Corporations of the past were less responsive to the financial needs of their employees
- B 、It is not crucial for a corporation of the past to keep up with changing markets
- C 、In the past, whether a corporation could satisfy the needs of society effectively would have less influence on its growth
- D 、The government has less power on regulating the modern corporation
- 4 【阅读理解A】 Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies？（）
- A 、They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills
- B 、They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business
- C 、They attach more importance to workers than to equipment
- D 、They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition
- 5 【阅读理解A】 What does the author mean by “the blocking of some ‘questionable’ site was not comprehensive” (Line 1, Last Paragraph)?（）
- A 、Some websites escape from being detected
- B 、The NIS program is not effective in other countries at all
- C 、All the websites in New Zealand should be included in the list
- D 、The website Playboy should be included in the list of no-go area
- 6 【阅读理解A】What is the attitude of the Department of Education towards affirmative action?（）
- A 、Neutrality
- B 、Objection
- C 、Approval
- D 、Indifference
- 7 【阅读理解A】 On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that（）.
- A 、the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
- B 、it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effect
- C 、the man made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects
- D 、the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
- 8 【阅读理解A】 What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer's research?（）
- A 、Its findings are not of much practical value
- B 、It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting
- C 、Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence
- D 、It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject
- 9 【阅读理解A】 The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by（）.
- A 、the emergence of the evolutionary theory
- B 、the historical approach to man
- C 、new insight into human behavior
- D 、the philosophical analysis of slavery
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- A 、High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss
- B 、Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long-term memory
- C 、Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory
- D 、High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss
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