- 阅读理解A
题干：Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividua1responsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisCentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforce,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersonGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange,Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.
题目： Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies？（） - A 、They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills
- B 、They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business
- C 、They attach more importance to workers than to equipment
- D 、They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
问下列哪种情况与美国公司人才管理状况相符。第一段第三句话指出：“掌握劳动技能被认为是个人自己的责任。”B项说，“公司把获得劳动技能看成是受雇者自己的事。”可见，这两句内容相吻合。A、C、D三项又与原文不符，故B为正确答案。
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- A 、Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker’s performance
- B 、The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system
- C 、Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine
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- 2 【阅读理解A】 Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies？（）
- A 、They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills
- B 、They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business
- C 、They attach more importance to workers than to equipment
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- 3 【阅读理解A】 What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?（）
- A 、He is one of the most important executives in the firm
- B 、His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced
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- A 、Positive
- B 、Negative
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- A 、The change in human physical constitution
- B 、The demand to accommodate to the changed world
- C 、The natural desire to stay young and vigorous
- D 、The extension of formal education
- 6 【阅读理解A】 According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（）
- A 、Cutting down alcohol use may help stop drug-abuse
- B 、Among the illegal drugs, cocaine is very popular among kids
- C 、Heavy pot smokers are heavy drinkers
- D 、Giving up pot smoking may contribute to abandoning other illegal drugs
- 7 【阅读理解A】 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?（）
- A 、strict law against computer crimes must be enforced
- B 、Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information
- C 、Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation
- D 、Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes
- 8 【阅读理解A】Which of the following is true about affirmative action according to the text?（）
- A 、A vast majority of people support it
- B 、The public claim it to be a discriminatory policy
- C 、The minority students are more likely to welcome it
- D 、The Court’s decision will certainly change people’s attitude to it
- 9 【阅读理解A】 Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?（）
- A 、They invented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand
- B 、They falsely claimed to know all about nature
- C 、They did not believe in results from scientific observation
- D 、They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand
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- D 、More demand for wedding insurance
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