- 阅读理解A
题干:Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethicalbehavioringeneral.“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere'snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed。Inarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.
题目: What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer's research?() - A 、Its findings are not of much practical value
- B 、It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting
- C 、Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence
- D 、It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject
扫码下载亿题库
精准题库快速提分
【正确答案:C】
本题的题干中明确询问赞同目标设立的一派人士(advocates)如何看待Schweitzer的调查。文中提到“Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed”,后文又引用对方的话“mounting causal evidence”,仔细研读这些内容可以看出赞同设立目标的人士质疑的是Schweitzer提出的evidence,而不是质疑该观点是否有实际价值(选项A)或者夸大了目标设立的副作用(选项B)。另外,我们从原文中可以发现“Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature”其中的concede表示同意,也就是说他本人是认可目前的研究发现的结果与主流的观点不一样,所以选项D不攻自破。所以答案就是选项C。
- 1 【单选题】Supposing this ship( ), do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?
- A 、was sinking
- B 、has sunk
- C 、were to sink
- D 、sunk
- 2 【单选题】What do you think of his proposal that improvements( )in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
- A 、be made
- B 、will be made
- C 、would be made
- D 、will have to be made
- 3 【阅读理解A】 What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?()
- A 、He is one of the most important executives in the firm
- B 、His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced
- C 、He is directly under the chief financial executive
- D 、He has no say in making important decisions in the firm
- 4 【阅读理解A】 What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?()
- A 、Very instructive
- B 、Very inspiring
- C 、Hard to implement
- D 、Quite harsh
- 5 【阅读理解A】 What’s the difference between the corporation of the past and modern corporations?()
- A 、Corporations of the past were less responsive to the financial needs of their employees
- B 、It is not crucial for a corporation of the past to keep up with changing markets
- C 、In the past, whether a corporation could satisfy the needs of society effectively would have less influence on its growth
- D 、The government has less power on regulating the modern corporation
- 6 【阅读理解A】 What does the author mean by “the blocking of some ‘questionable’ site was not comprehensive” (Line 1, Last Paragraph)?()
- A 、Some websites escape from being detected
- B 、The NIS program is not effective in other countries at all
- C 、All the websites in New Zealand should be included in the list
- D 、The website Playboy should be included in the list of no-go area
- 7 【阅读理解A】What is the attitude of the Department of Education towards affirmative action?()
- A 、Neutrality
- B 、Objection
- C 、Approval
- D 、Indifference
- 8 【阅读理解A】 How did Sears' goal-setting affect its employees?()
- A 、They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales
- B 、They competed with one another to attract more customers
- C 、They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota
- D 、They improved their customer service on a companywide basis
- 9 【阅读理解A】According to what the author advocates,which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
- A 、People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
- B 、People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
- C 、People who try to be as healthy as possible,regardless of their limitations.
- D 、People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.
- 10 【阅读理解A】What does the author think of intellect?
- A 、It is second to intelligence.
- B 、It evolves from common sense.
- C 、It is to be pursued.
- D 、It underlies power.
- Any salesperson who sells more than the weekly()will receive a bonus.
- 已知x,y为实数,则。() (1) (2)
- While he was in the army, he_____ (learn) English, which_____ ( help) him a lot in hiswork there.
- 某单位在大年初一、初二、初三安排6个人值班,他们是高翔、黄海亮、孔杰辉、刘玲、彭光兵、宋祖德。每天需要2人值班。人员安排要满足以下条件: (1)刘玲与彭光兵必须在同一天值班; (2)高翔与黄海亮不能在同一天值班; (3)如果孔杰辉在初一值班,那么高翔在初二值班; (4)如果宋祖德在初三值班,那么黄海亮在初二值班。 如果彭光兵在初二值班,以下哪一项可以为真()。
- 这个国家在1987年控制非法药物进入的计划失败了。尽管对非法药物的需求呈下降趋势,但是,如果这个计划没有失败,多数非法药物在1987年的批发价格不会急剧下降。以上结论依赖于以下哪一个假设()。
- 甲班男生占17%,乙班女生占60%,则乙班男生人数可以确定。() (1)甲、乙两班总人数为185人 (2)甲、乙两班总人数为215人
- 数据-1,0,3,5,x的方差是,则x=()。
- (10)
- The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to_____.
亿题库—让考试变得更简单
已有600万用户下载