- 阅读理解A
题干：Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethicalbehavioringeneral.“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere'snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed。Inarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.
题目： How did Sears' goal-setting affect its employees?（） - A 、They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales
- B 、They competed with one another to attract more customers
- C 、They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota
- D 、They improved their customer service on a companywide basis
扫码下载亿题库
精准题库快速提分
参考答案【正确答案：C】
寻找本题的答案依然要秉承上面提到的基本思路，即一旦作者观点明确了，所有的例子和数据都是为了说明观点服务的。本题提到了另一个例子“Sears”，发现信息提示词所在句子“Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. ”以及后一句“ It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.” 其中明确指出在经济目标驱使下，该公司为了完成目标滥收费，也就是不顾行业道德，即对应选项C. They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.
您可能感兴趣的试题- 1 【单选题】The( )goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers.
- A 、joint
- B 、intensive
- C 、overall
- D 、decisive
- 2 【单选题】It's impossible to（）exactly how our actions will affect the future.
- A 、expect
- B 、assess
- C 、foresee
- D 、guess
- 3 【单选题】How did it（）that the two men arrived to address the same meeting at the same time?
- A 、fall out
- B 、take place
- C 、get around
- D 、come through
- 4 【阅读理解A】 What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer's research?（）
- A 、Its findings are not of much practical value
- B 、It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting
- C 、Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence
- D 、It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject
- 5 【阅读理解A】How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”？
- A 、Guilty
- B 、Offended
- C 、Disappointed
- D 、Discouraged
- 6 【阅读理解A】How did Mrs. Stifter get the attention of one of the author's children?
- A 、Flunking him.
- B 、Moving his seat.
- C 、Blaming him.
- D 、Playing card with him.
- 7 【阅读理解A】According to the writer, how did the young scientists feel before the flight?
- A 、sick
- B 、keen
- C 、nervous
- D 、impatient
- 8 【阅读理解A】How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?
- A 、She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professionals.
- B 、She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.
- C 、She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.
- D 、She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.
- 9 【阅读理解A】How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans?
- A 、They have to cancel their vacations in New England.
- B 、They find it unaffordable to dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.
- C 、They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.
- D 、They might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems.
- 10 【阅读理解A】How did Redmon find his job?
- A 、By searching openings in a job database.
- B 、By posting a matching position in a database.
- C 、By using a special service of a database.
- D 、By e-mailing his resume to a database.
热门试题换一换
- In today's class, the students were asked to（）their mistakes on the exam paper and put intheir possible corrections.
- Mostpeople think that mothers hold their babies in their left arms（）.
- 过点M（-1，1），N（1，3），圆心在x轴上的圆的方程为（）。
- 与两坐标轴正方向围成的三角形面积为2，且在两坐标轴上的截距差为3的直线方程是（）。
- 迅达公司规定：只要某员工每周工作时间超过50小时，就能够获得每周的超勤奖；只有某员工每周工作时间超过40小时，才能获得每周的出勤奖。该公司一共有17名员工，在九月的最后一周，一共有7名员工本周工作时间超过50小时，而其余10名员工的工作时间都不足40小时。 根据以上数据，关于九月最后一周的迅达公司员工，以下哪项一定为真（）。 Ⅰ. 获得超勤奖的员工一定获得了出勤奖 Ⅱ. 获得出勤奖的员工一定获得超勤奖 Ⅲ. 获得超勤奖的员工不到员工总数的一半
- The article was written to explain（）.
- Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel（）.
- 几位同学对物理竞赛的名次进行猜测。小钟说：“小华第三，小任第五。”小华说：“小闽第五，小宫第四。”小任说：“小钟第一，小闽第四”。小闽说：“小任第一，小华第二。”小宫说：“小钟第三，小闽第四。” 已知本次竞赛没有并列名次，并且每个名次都有人猜对。那么，具体名次应该是（）。
- （13）
亿题库—让考试变得更简单
已有600万用户下载
RPrwy