- 阅读理解A
题干：Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk：elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses：a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills；b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina；с)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania；d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory：trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject，afterabout20hoursoftraininghisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,"Ericssonrecalls."Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.，，Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion；thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway，expertperformers-whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming-arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
题目：Ericsson and his colleagues believe that_____. - A 、talent is a dominating factor for professional success
- B 、biographical data provide the key to excellent performance
- C 、the role of talent tends to be overlooked
- D 、high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
细节题。文章最后一段最后两句提到, Ericsson和他的同事有关成就优秀者的研究得出了-个非常令人惊奇的结论:表现出色者几乎都是后天培养的，而不是天生造就的。因此D选项 正确。
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- A 、the dead cat and the other animals became mummified because of lack of sunshine
- B 、it was the humidity that made the bodies not decay
- C 、there wasn't a relation between the shape of the space inside the pyramid and the physical，chemical and biological processes going on inside that space
- D 、there was indeed something particular about the properties of a pyramid
- 6 【阅读理解A】The author was disappointed to find that_____.
- A 、one's position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligence
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- A 、depends on meaningful processing of information
- B 、results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises
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- D 、requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration
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- A 、can be modified in their courses
- B 、are susceptible to emotional changes
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- B 、visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
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- 、the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.
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