- 阅读理解A
题干：Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcentury,andeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.Doesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappiness?Easterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness.“TherehasbeennoimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury—aperiodinwhichrealGDP(grossdomesticproduct)percapitalmorethandoubled,”Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:“Asincomesrise,theaspirationleveldoestoo,andtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome.”Moneycanbuyhappiness,Easterlinseemstobesaying,butonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome“necessarytogetalong”rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighbors,poorifwehaveless,andfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s“hierarchyofwants”asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvy,soourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:“Thefuture,then,towhichtheearofmoderneconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowth,aworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirations,aworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplenty,itisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheend,itisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;rather,itisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity.”
题目：Easterlin seems to suggest that（）. - A 、the richer people become, the happier they feel
- B 、people feel unhappy just because they are not rich enough
- C 、the increase of wealth certainly results in the increase of happiness
- D 、the increase of wealth does not necessarily result in the increase of happiness
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
文章第二段前两句指出“Easterlin承认，一般来说，富人比穷人更有可能称自己是幸福的；但是美国经济的稳定发展并没有带来相应的人们对自己是否幸福的自我评价度的提高。”由此可知，随着经济稳步发展，人们并未感到比以往更幸福。可见，财富的增长并不一定导致幸福感的增长，所以D项正确。
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