- 阅读理解A
题干：TheroleofthemanagerasmerelyanoverseerofworkersisanartifactoftheIndustrialAgeparadigm,nolongerappropriatetotheKnowledgeAge.Increasingly,middlemanagers’ headsareonthechoppingblocksofbudget-tighteningcorporations,andthosewhofailtotransformthemselvesinto“player/coaches”willbecomeobsolete,suggestsThomasH.Davenport,directoroftheAccentureInstituteforStrategicChange.“Thereisstillanimportantrole,albeitadifferentone,formanagementinthefuture,”DavenportwritesinTheFutureofLeadership.“Thesinglemostimportantfactordrivingthechangeinwhatmanagemententailsistheriseandprevalenceofknowledgework.”Undertheoldmodelofmanagement,managerswereviewedasaseparatepartoftheorganizationworkforce,amerelinkbetweentheexecutiveswhomakethedecisionsandthelaborerswhocarryoutthework.Butinthenewmodel,managersbothmakedecisionsanddoworkthemselves.Inadvancedeconomies,knowledgeworkersnowmakeupmorethan50%ofworkers—ormore,dependingonhowyoudefine“knowledgeworkers”,Davenportreports,“IknowofaCEOofalargepizzachainwhoarguesthateveryworkerintheorganizationisaknowledgeworker,andunlesstheyalluseknowledgetomanagecosts,servecustomerswell,andmaintainhighqualitystandards,theorganizationwillnotsucceed.However,ifpizzamakersareknowledgeworkers,whoisn’t?”Davenportdefines“knowledgeworkers”asthosewhocreateknowledge,suchasproductdevelopmentengineers,orwhoseuseofknowledgeisadominantaspectoftheirwork,suchasfinancialauditors.Oneaspectofworkthathaschangedisthatusersandcreatorsofknowledgearemorelikelytobethesamepeople.“Workershavetraditionallybeenviewedasusersofideas,notcreatorsofthem,andiftheydocreateideastheyhavegenerallybeensmallones,”saysDavenport.“Myview,however,isthattheorganizationsthatwillbemoresuccessfulinthefuturewillbethoseinwhichit’severyone’sjobtobecreatingandusingideasthatarebothbigandsmall.”DavenportidentifieseightkeytrendscreatingtheKnowledgeManageroftheFuture:Fromoverseeingworktodoingit,too.Inmanycases,suchasinlaw,consulting,andaccountingfirms.Fromorganizinghierarchiestoorganizingcommunities.Fromimposingworkdesignsandmethodstounderstandingthem.Fromhiringandfiringworkerstorecruitingandretainingthem.Frombuildingmanualskillstobuildingknowledgeskills.Fromevaluatingvisiblejobperformancetoassessinginvisibleknowledgeachievements.Fromignoringculturetobuildingaknowledge－friendlyculture.Fromsupportingthebureaucracytofendingoff.“Althougheachoftheseattributesoffuturemanagementmayrepresentonlyanevolutionarychangefromhowmanagersworkedinthelatetwentiethcentury,inaggregatetheycompriseamanagerialrevolution.”Davenportconcludes.
题目： What does “player/coaches” in the sentence“those who fail to transform themselves into ...” means?（） - A 、The managers have to master the skills both as players and coaches, or they will be eliminated from the sports world
- B 、Thomas H. Davenport suggests the managers to improve their abilities with the standards of players and coaches
- C 、The managers should transform themselves from overseeing work to participate it, too
- D 、The players and coaches will be the most popular occupations in the future
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
“教练兼队员”是指经理人由监视劳动转变为参与劳动（见8个发展趋势的第1条）。A项认为经理人应该掌握在体育界同时充当教练及队员的角色；B项认为达文波用教练和队员的水准来衡量经理人的能力；D项认为教练和队员将是未来很流行的职业。
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- B 、The author thinks that the account holder is the very person who used the toaster
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- A 、Lead your life as usual.
- B 、Seek professional help.
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