- 阅读理解A
题干：Thestudyofphilosophiesshouldmakeourownideasflexible.Weareallofusapttotakecertaingeneralideasforgranted,andcallthemcommonsense.Weshouldlearnthatotherpeoplehaveheldquitedifferentideas,andthatourownhavestartedasveryoriginalguessesofphilosophers.Ascientistisapttothinkthatalltheproblemsofphilosophywillultimatelybesolvedbyscience.Ithinkthisistrueforagreatmanyofthequestionsonwhichphilosophersstillargue.Forexample,Platothoughtthatwhenwesawsomething,onerayoflightcametoitfromthesun,andanotherfromoureyesandthatseeingwassomethinglikefeelingwithastick.Wenowknowthatthelightcomesfromthesun,andisreflectedintooureyes.Wedon’tknowinmuchdetailhowthechangesinoureyesgiverisetosensation.Butthereiseveryreasontothinkthataswelearnmoreaboutthephysiologyofthebrain,weshalldoso,andthatthegreatphilosophicalproblemsaboutknowledgearegoingtobeprettyfullyclearedup.Butifourdescendantsknowtheanswerstothesequestionsandothersthatperplexustoday,therewillstillbeonefieldofwhichtheydonotknow,namelythefuture.Howeverexactourscience,wecannotknowitasweknowthepast.Philosophymaybedescribedasargumentaboutthingsofwhichweareignorant.Andwheresciencegivesusahopeofknowledgeitisoftenreasonabletosuspendjudgment.ThatisonereasonwhyMarxandEngelsquiterightlywrotesolittleonmanyphilosophicalproblemsthatinterestedtheircontemporaries.Butwehavegottoprepareforthefuture,andwecannotdosorationallywithoutsomephilosophy.Somepeoplesaywehaveonlygottodothedutiesrevealedinthepastandlaiddownbyreligion,andgodwilllookafterthefuture.Otherssaythattheworldisamachineandthecourseoffutureeventsiscertain,whatevereffortswemaymake.Marxistssaythatthefuturedependsonourselves,eventhoughwearepartofthehistoricalprocess.Thisphilosophicalviewcertainlydoesinspirepeopletoverygreatachievements.Whetheritistrueornot,itispowerfulguidetoaction.Weneedaphilosophy,then,tohelpustotacklethefuture.Agnosticismeasilybecomesanexcuseforlazinessandconservatism.WhetherweadoptMarxismoranyotherphilosophy,wecannotunderstanditwithoutknowingsomethingofhowitdeveloped.ThatiswhyaknowledgeofthehistoryofphilosophyisimportanttoMarxists,evenduringthepresentcriticaldays.
题目：How many kinds of ideas are there about the future? （） - A 、Two
- B 、Three
- C 、Four
- D 、Five
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
细节题。从第四段我们得知：一些人Some people say we have only got to do the duties revealed in the past and laid down by religion, and god will look after the future；另外一些人Others say that the world is a machine and the course of future events is certain, whatever efforts we may make；马克思主义者Marxists say that the future depends on ourselves, even though we are part of the historical process；因此，应该是三种观点，选B。
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