- 阅读理解A
题干：TheroleofthemanagerasmerelyanoverseerofworkersisanartifactoftheIndustrialAgeparadigm,nolongerappropriatetotheKnowledgeAge.Increasingly,middlemanagers’ headsareonthechoppingblocksofbudget-tighteningcorporations,andthosewhofailtotransformthemselvesinto“player/coaches”willbecomeobsolete,suggestsThomasH.Davenport,directoroftheAccentureInstituteforStrategicChange.“Thereisstillanimportantrole,albeitadifferentone,formanagementinthefuture,”DavenportwritesinTheFutureofLeadership.“Thesinglemostimportantfactordrivingthechangeinwhatmanagemententailsistheriseandprevalenceofknowledgework.”Undertheoldmodelofmanagement,managerswereviewedasaseparatepartoftheorganizationworkforce,amerelinkbetweentheexecutiveswhomakethedecisionsandthelaborerswhocarryoutthework.Butinthenewmodel,managersbothmakedecisionsanddoworkthemselves.Inadvancedeconomies,knowledgeworkersnowmakeupmorethan50%ofworkers—ormore,dependingonhowyoudefine“knowledgeworkers”,Davenportreports,“IknowofaCEOofalargepizzachainwhoarguesthateveryworkerintheorganizationisaknowledgeworker,andunlesstheyalluseknowledgetomanagecosts,servecustomerswell,andmaintainhighqualitystandards,theorganizationwillnotsucceed.However,ifpizzamakersareknowledgeworkers,whoisn’t?”Davenportdefines“knowledgeworkers”asthosewhocreateknowledge,suchasproductdevelopmentengineers,orwhoseuseofknowledgeisadominantaspectoftheirwork,suchasfinancialauditors.Oneaspectofworkthathaschangedisthatusersandcreatorsofknowledgearemorelikelytobethesamepeople.“Workershavetraditionallybeenviewedasusersofideas,notcreatorsofthem,andiftheydocreateideastheyhavegenerallybeensmallones,”saysDavenport.“Myview,however,isthattheorganizationsthatwillbemoresuccessfulinthefuturewillbethoseinwhichit’severyone’sjobtobecreatingandusingideasthatarebothbigandsmall.”DavenportidentifieseightkeytrendscreatingtheKnowledgeManageroftheFuture:Fromoverseeingworktodoingit,too.Inmanycases,suchasinlaw,consulting,andaccountingfirms.Fromorganizinghierarchiestoorganizingcommunities.Fromimposingworkdesignsandmethodstounderstandingthem.Fromhiringandfiringworkerstorecruitingandretainingthem.Frombuildingmanualskillstobuildingknowledgeskills.Fromevaluatingvisiblejobperformancetoassessinginvisibleknowledgeachievements.Fromignoringculturetobuildingaknowledge－friendlyculture.Fromsupportingthebureaucracytofendingoff.“Althougheachoftheseattributesoffuturemanagementmayrepresentonlyanevolutionarychangefromhowmanagersworkedinthelatetwentiethcentury,inaggregatetheycompriseamanagerialrevolution.”Davenportconcludes.
题目： In Davenport’s opinion, a successful organization in the future will be（）. - A 、An organization in which the dominant supporters are the managers
- B 、An organization in which the workers are the creators of small ideas as well as users of the knowledge
- C 、A unity that everyone has equal rights to speak no matter he is executive or common worker
- D 、An organization in which every member is responsible to create and use ideas
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
从第3段可以看出未来最成功的企业将是这样的：出主意并执行它，无论大的还是小的，是每个人的职责。
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