- 阅读理解A
题干：Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity，peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous，boring，burdensome，orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics，therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility，theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA，“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010，researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound，inattemptingtomodelthought，isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.
题目：The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_____. - A 、expected to copy human brain in internal structure
- B 、able to perceive abnormalities immediately
- C 、far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
- D 、best used in a controlled environment
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
推理题。本题考査的是对文章最后一段的理解。该段的主题句是首句：研究人员发现，人类大脑中的近一千亿个神经细胞要比以前想象的更聪明，人类的感知能力也比以前想象的更复杂。接着作者通过对机器人和人脑的比较来说明段落主题：在严格控制的工厂环境里，机器人能够在仪表盘上识别微小的误差。但是人脑瞥一眼快速变化的场景，就能迅速排除98%的不相干的物体，立即聚焦于森林中蜿蜒道路旁的一只猴子。该段末句既对前面比较论证部分的目的进行说明，又重申了主题：世界上最先进的机器人也无法和人脑相比。可见文中举猴子的例子只是为了说明人脑的复杂性。C选项符合题意。
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- A 、technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities
- B 、automation is accelerating technological development
- C 、certain jobs will remain intact after automation
- D 、man will finally win the race against machine
- 2 【阅读理解A】The author mentions Colleen's example to show_____.
- A 、any couple can avoid marriage conflicts
- B 、privacy within marriage should be respected
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- 3 【阅读理解A】The author uses the term “alarmists” ( Line 1，Para.5) to refer to those who_____.
- A 、use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence
- B 、initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality
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- D 、financial disclosure is not necessarily bad
- 6 【阅读理解A】The author uses “IMF” was an example to illustrate the point that_____.
- A 、European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocritical
- B 、there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practice
- C 、global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocates
- D 、European countries' interests are being ignored by economic leaders
- 7 【阅读理解A】By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire，the author intends to show that_____.
- A 、poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music
- B 、art grows out of both positive and negative feeling
- C 、poets today are less skeptical of happiness
- D 、artists have changed their focus of interest
- 8 【阅读理解A】The statement “it is all too monkey” ( Last line, Para.1 ) implies that_____.
- A 、monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
- B 、resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature
- C 、monkeys，like humans，tend to be jealous of each other
- D 、no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions
- 9 【阅读理解A】The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that_____.
- A 、medical resources are often wasted
- B 、doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
- C 、some treatments are too aggressive
- D 、medical costs are becoming unaffordable
- 10 【阅读理解A】Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_____.
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- B 、deal with some errors with human intervention
- C 、improve factory environments
- D 、cultivate human creativity
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