- 阅读理解A
题干：Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld，somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals：theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame，andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today'svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago-Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught，sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem，leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore，intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.
题目：By saying “these figures are conservative" ( Line 1，Para.3)，Dr. Worm means that_____. - A 、fishing technology has improved rapidly
- B 、the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
- C 、the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
- D 、the date collected so far are out of date
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
推理题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句。其中these figures指的是第二段末句提到的比率， 即“在一个新的渔场中大型捕食者的生物量在开始捕捞的15年中平均减少了 80%。在长期 捕捞的区域, 生物量从那以后又下降了一半”。下文分析了这个数据没有反映真实状况的原 因：由于捕捞技术已经改进，因此更多的海洋物种正在被捕捞, 实际损失远不止于记录中的 数据。因此C选项正确。
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