- 阅读理解A
题干：Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk：elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses：a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills；b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina；с)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania；d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory：trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject，afterabout20hoursoftraininghisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,"Ericssonrecalls."Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.，，Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion；thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway，expertperformers-whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming-arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
题目：Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? - A 、“Faith will move mountains. ”
- B 、“One reaps what one sows. ”
- C 、“Practice makes perfect. ”
- D 、“Like father, like son. ”
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
主旨题。文章前两段论述优秀足球运动员出生时间的巧合是为了提出“先天基因决定成功” 的错误观点。后三段才是文章的主体部分，通过介绍Ericsson等人的研究及结论指出，后天 培养才是决定成功的关键。第四段明确指出后天培养的形式是“刻意练习”。第三段提到的 "记忆训练”就是这样一种练习。C选项最恰当地概括了文章中两个核心概念“练习”与“成 功”之间的因果关系，因此是正确项。
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