- 阅读理解A
题干：Theuseofdeferential(敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman，whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy；she“treadssoftly(谨言慎行）intheworld”，elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic(语言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknowas“men’s”.This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen'slanguage.Indeed,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen'slanguage-whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”-afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen-inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange-ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls，butdifferentrelationstolifestages，andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike"masculine"speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.
题目：The first paragraph describes in detail_____. - A 、the standards set for contemporary Japanese women
- B 、the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan
- C 、the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families
- D 、the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
主旨题。本题问的是第一段的详细内容。文章的开头就介绍交际中使用敬语是日本女性的传统儒家思想中性别准则的象征。接下来就用了大量的细节化语言表述了传统日本女性是如何遵守那些准则的。因此，整个段落都是围绕着传统孔子儒教思想中的妇德表现的具体细节的说明。故选B选项。Α选项“当代妇女的行为标准”，显然不对;C选项“日本女性在家庭中的固定角色”，在段落中并不明确，所以也不是正确答案；而D选项“传统日本女性遵守的准则”，看似和B选项接近, 但是仔细分析，文中只是提到了性别准则，而非所有的准则，显然归纳范围太大，因此也排除。
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