- 阅读理解A
题干：Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye'snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof“softpower”,basedonpersuasionandinfluences,asacounterpointto“hardpower”，basedoncoercion(强迫）andforce.Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliciesanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks，Mr.Nyehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat“oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.”Inshort，hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodernleadershiptheorieshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischanging，theyobserve，andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchies(等级制）arebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion，Mr.Nyeargues.Instead，headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead，hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls“smartpower”,isthebestapproach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis，apparently，the“transformationalleadershippattern”.Anyoneallergic(反感)tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexit，butMr.Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadershipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership，themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffectivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplentyofanecdotesandexamples，bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.Alas,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejerrytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadership-inparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecurringthemeisthatascircumstanceschange，differentsortsofleadersarerequired；aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.
题目：Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr. Nye? - A 、Coercion is widespread.
- B 、Morality is devalued.
- C 、Power is no longer concentrated.
- D 、Traditional hierarchies are strengthened.
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
细节题。根据题干中的makes soft power more important定位到第三段第二句。这句话论述了使得软权利更加重要的两点原因：power is increasingly diffused 和 traditional hierarchies arebeing undermined, C选项正好是power is increasingly diffused的同义转述，因此为正确答案。
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