- 阅读理解A
题干：Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethicalbehavioringeneral.“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere'snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed。Inarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.
题目： What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?（） - A 、Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success
- B 、Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals
- C 、Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals
- D 、Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
作者的观点一旦确立，所有的论述都是围绕观点展开。本着这一基本思路，文章中的例子都是为了说明目标制定虽然会让人有巨大的动力，但只跟经济挂钩的目标却有可能驱使人们做违背道义的事，从而带来负面的影响。而且在出现信息词“Enron”之前的那一段的最后一句“But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful.”也可以明确对应选项D.Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.
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- A 、catch up with
- B 、add up to
- C 、come up to
- D 、go in for
- 2 【阅读理解A】Why does At Home want to buy Excite?（）
- A 、Because Tom Jermoluk wants to control his strongest competitor
- B 、Because it wants to expand its business through Excite’s present resources
- C 、Because both companies are based in Redwood city, California
- D 、Because it has lost $ 9.7 million in the last three months
- 3 【阅读理解A】 What is Schweitzer's contention against Edwin Locke?（）
- A 、The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study
- B 、Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture
- C 、The positive effects of goal-setting outweigh its negative effects
- D 、Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices
- 4 【阅读理解A】 What does the word “it” refers to in the last sentence of the passage?（）
- A 、The analytical method
- B 、The fragmenting technique
- C 、Eased Convenience
- D 、The analytical Convenience
- 5 【阅读理解A】What does the author mean by “kids count more than their college” ( Line 1，Para.4 ) ?
- A 、Continuing education is more important to a person's success.
- B 、A person's happiness should be valued more than their education.
- C 、Kids, actual abilities are more important than their college backgrounds.
- D 、What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements.
- 6 【阅读理解A】What does the passage mainly discuss?
- A 、Human wars.
- B 、Economic crisis.
- C 、America's environmental policies.
- D 、Global environment in general.
- 7 【阅读理解A】What does the example of India illustrate?
- A 、Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.
- B 、Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
- C 、The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.
- D 、India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.
- 8 【阅读理解A】What does the author intend to illustrate with A AAA cars and Zodiac cars?
- A 、A kind of overlooked inequality.
- B 、A type of conspicuous bias.
- C 、A type of personal prejudice.
- D 、A kind of brand discrimination.
- 9 【阅读理解A】What does the author think of intellect?
- A 、It is second to intelligence.
- B 、It evolves from common sense.
- C 、It is to be pursued.
- D 、It underlies power.
- 10 【阅读理解B】What customers really want is that
- A 、business always emphasized themaintenance of customers.
- B 、they can directly get the service they need.
- C 、few customers will appeal to claims court.
- D 、impoliteness is a kind of bad service.
- E 、theyregard retailing as a temporary job.
- 、they have spent much time on TV and computers.
- 、shoppers are usually strident, frustrated and impatient.
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