- 阅读理解A
题干：Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld，somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals：theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame，andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today'svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago-Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught，sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem，leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore，intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.
题目：We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that_____. - A 、the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
- B 、there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago
- C 、the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
- D 、the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
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参考答案【正确答案：A】
推理题。根据题干定位到第二段最后两句。前一句提到，在一个新的渔场中大型捕食动物 的生物量在开始捕捞的15年中平均减少了 80%，即剩下20%。后二句提到，在长期捕捞的 区域，生物量从那以后又下降了一半，即10%。由此可知, 在长期捕捞区域，大型捕食动物共 减少了 90%。Α选项是正确答案。
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