- 阅读理解A
题干：Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcentury,andeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.Doesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappiness?Easterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness.“TherehasbeennoimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury—aperiodinwhichrealGDP(grossdomesticproduct)percapitalmorethandoubled,”Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:“Asincomesrise,theaspirationleveldoestoo,andtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome.”Moneycanbuyhappiness,Easterlinseemstobesaying,butonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome“necessarytogetalong”rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighbors,poorifwehaveless,andfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s“hierarchyofwants”asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvy,soourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:“Thefuture,then,towhichtheearofmoderneconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowth,aworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirations,aworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplenty,itisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheend,itisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;rather,itisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity.”
题目： What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?（） - A 、People’s pursue of nonmaterial goals will achieve victory
- B 、People’s pursue of material goals outweighs that of spiritual goals
- C 、People’s pursue of material goals will lead people to the humanists
- D 、People’s pursue of nonmaterial goals is important
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
作者在文章最后对Easterlin的观点进行了总结，该句指出“经济发展的结果不是人性战胜物欲，而是物欲战胜人性。”由此可以得出，人们对物欲的追求超过对精神的追求。
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