- 阅读理解A
题干：Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereanacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethird,andsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.AninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnightshiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（发生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightwork,thepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.
题目：The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in（）. - A 、the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation
- B 、the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently
- C 、the fact that people working at night are often less effective
- D 、the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
本题要求考生住第2段的中心大意，正确回答24小时轮班工作的主要问题在哪里。第2段最后一句说，工人“刚刚习惯了某一班次的时间安排，却又要倒班了。这样，他在大部分时间里工作和睡眠效率都不高。”所以关键在于工人的日常生活周期规律被打乱了。选项B是答案，而选项A文章没有提及。选项C不符合文章的原意，文章是说工人在适应新的工作班次之前效率不高，并不只是夜间工作效率不高。文章没有提到D项内容。
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