- 阅读理解A
题干：Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis：artists，onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworth'sDaffodilstoBaudelaire'sFlowersofEvil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit,snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite：thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall，whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest，beforemasscommunicationandliteracy，themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch，whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial，andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda-tolureustoopenourwallets-theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate！"commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget-whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting-isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori：rememberthatyouwilldie，thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet，somehow，abreathoffreshair.
题目：The word ” bummer" ( Line 4，Para.5 ) most probably means something_____. - A 、religious
- B 、unpleasant
- C 、entertaining
- D 、commercial
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
词汇题。对词义的理解依赖上下文。上文提到，过去人们生活环境悲苦, 但当时最强大的大 众传媒是教堂, 它时时提醒人们危险的存在。所以人们不需要艺术也成为"bummer”。由此 可知bummer在这里应是贬义，与上文提到的misery (悲苦的），danger (危险）等相呼应。因 此只有B选项符合要求。
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