- 阅读理解B
题干：“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere，”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast：lessconcernedwithlearningfromourforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance，thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus--OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccolòMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue，mercyandjustice，astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime，theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday，stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamuelSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help，ofpatientpurpose，resoluteworking，andsteadfastintegrity，issuingintheformationoftrulynobleandmanlycharacter,exhibit，”wroteSmiles,“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.”HisbiographiesofJamesWatt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast.“Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggles,”wroteMarxandEngelsinTheCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles：“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities，thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease；theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves，butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound，givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionisedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle，BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies-wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo：downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.
题目：Niccolò Machiavelli - A 、emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
- B 、highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
- C 、focused onepochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.
- D 、opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
- E 、held thathistory should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
- 、dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
- 、depicted the worthy lives of engineers，industrialists and explorers.
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参考答案【正确答案：6】
根据信号词Niccolo Machiavelli定位到第三段。根据最后一句he championed cunning… rather than virtue… as the skills of successful leaders 可知，F 选项为正确答案。 championed…rather than virtue… as the skills of successful leaders 对应 dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders。
您可能感兴趣的试题- 1 【阅读理解B】Niccolo Machiavelli
- A 、emphasized the virtue of classical heroes
- B 、highlighted the public glory of the leading artists
- C 、 focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate
- D 、opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
- E 、 held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle
- 、 dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders
- 、depicted the worthy lives of engineers industrialists and explorers
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