- 阅读理解A
题干：Whatwouldmakeasmokermorelikelytoquit,abigrewardforsucceedingoralittlepenaltyforfailing?ThatiswhatresearcherswantedtoknowwhentheyassignedalargegroupofCVSemployees(CVSCaremarkisthecountry'slargestdrugstorechainbysales),theirrelativesandfriendstodifferentsmokingcessationprograms."Addingabitofastickwasmuchbetterthanapurecarrot.Theselargeemployersarespendinganaverageof$800to$900peremployeeperyear,butinwaysthatareoftenblindtonormalhumanpsychology"saidDr.ScottHalpern,wholedthestudy.Thetrialwasintendedtochangethat.Researchersrandomlyassignedtheparticipantstoanumberofprogramoptionsandletthemdecidewhethertheywantedtoparticipate.Thepenaltyprogramrequiredparticipantstodeposit$150;sixmonthslater,thosewhohadquitsmokingwouldgetthedepositback,alongwitha$650reward.Intherewardonlyprogram,participantsweresimplyofferedan$800paymentiftheystavedoffcigarettesforsixmonths.Thetrial,whichwasdescribedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineonWednesday,wasthelargestyettotestwhetherofferingpeoplefinancialincentivescouldleadtobetterhealth.Researchersfoundthatofferingincentiveswasfarmoreeffectiveingettingpeopletostopsmokingthanthetraditionalapproachofgivingfreesmokingcessationhelp,suchascounselingornicotinereplacementtherapylikegum,medicationorpatches.Buttheyalsofoundthatrequiringa$150depositthatwouldbelostifthepersonfailedtostayoffcigarettesforsixmonthsnearlydoubledthechancesofsuccess.“Thisisanoriginalsetoffindings,”saidCassR.Sunstein,aHarvardlawprofessorwhohelpeddevelopsomeinfluentialideasinthefieldofbehavioraleconomics,notablythatifthesocialenvironmentcanbechanged--forexample,bypostingsimplewarnings--peoplecanbenudgedintobetterbehavior."Theycouldbeappliedtomanyhealthissues,likealcoholism,orwheneverpeoplefaceseriousself-controlproblems."Overall,successeludedmostofthestudyparticipants.Morethan80percentofsmokersinthemostpopularpurerewardsgroupwerestillsmokingattheendofthestudy.Evenso,researcherssay,theirsuccessratewasfargreaterthanforthosewhogotthetraditionaltreatment.SmokingisthelargestcauseofpreventabledeathintheUnitedStates.Diseaseslinkedtoitkillmorethan480,000Americansayear.Andevenasmalldeclinecouldhaveabighealtheffect.
题目： Researchers found that the most effective smoking cessation approach was to ( ). - A 、provide incentives
- B 、give penalty for failing
- C 、offer consultation services
- D 、provide nicotine replacement therapy
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
根据题干关键词effective smoking cessation approach定位到第三段。由该段第二句的offering incentives was far more effective和最后一句可知，“提供奖励的效果要好得多”，但对戒烟失败小施惩戒，“戒烟的成功率几乎可以翻一番”，故B项“对(戒烟)失败给予惩戒”为正确答案。A项“提供奖励”的戒烟效果稍好，但是最后一句句首的But转折了语义，最后一句也说明它不是最好的，故排除。根据第二句可知，C项“提供咨询服务”和D项“提供尼古丁替代疗法”都属于免费帮人戒烟的方式，效果暂且不及A项，故排除。
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