- 阅读理解A
题干：Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissistic(自我陶醉的)personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwellbeing,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inhisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor”.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitarian(极权主义的)societies,ourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avision—aboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolation,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness.Inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.
题目： It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Christopher Lasch is most probably（）. - A 、an earnest nationalist
- B 、an advanced psychologist
- C 、a philosopher
- D 、a social historian
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
第3段谈到narcissism的起源，Lasch 对它的研究，他对美国人目前的心态与过去的比较等，表明他是一位social historian （社会历史学家），其余3项皆无依据。
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