- 阅读理解A
题干：Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas"alltoohuman”，withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured，co-operativecreatures，andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall，liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices"thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers，sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken’thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed，themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys，likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative，group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans，orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
题目：In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_____. - A 、posing a contrast
- B 、justifying an assumption
- C 、making a comparison
- D 、explaining a phenomenon
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
细节题。文章第一段从人类受到不公正待遇时的反应引出一项研究成果，说明受到不公 正待遇时表示出不满情绪的情况在动物身上也同样存在。该段but之后指出，研究表明猴 子也有类似的情感。这就是主题。可见，第一段主要使用了类比论证手法, 将猴子与人做 比较，找出它们的相似之处。因此с选项正确。Α选项中的contrast一般指对比两个事物 的差异。
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