- 阅读理解A
题干：Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies,televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheUSNationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果关系）.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement：“Atthistime,wellover1，000studies…pointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.”Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededout“themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression”，only28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent，shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread“aggressive”or“non-aggressive”wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies，assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled，drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse，thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.
题目：Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games？ - A 、There is a lot of violence in the real world today.
- B 、Something has gone wrong with today's society.
- C 、Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.
- D 、Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
细节题。本题问的是“媒体上为什么会充斥暴力？”根据题干可以定位到原文第一段最后一句话，present… as… 的意思是“将……作为……呈现”。由此可知，暴力作为娱乐呈现在观众面前，与D选项吻合，所以选D选项。A选项只是陈述了现实社会有暴力，这与本题不相关。B、C两选项原因归纳不当, 没有细节支持，因此都不是答案。
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