- 阅读理解A
题干：Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye'snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof“softpower”,basedonpersuasionandinfluences,asacounterpointto“hardpower”，basedoncoercion(强迫）andforce.Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliciesanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks，Mr.Nyehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat“oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved.”Inshort，hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodernleadershiptheorieshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischanging，theyobserve，andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchies(等级制）arebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion，Mr.Nyeargues.Instead，headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead，hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls“smartpower”,isthebestapproach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis，apparently，the“transformationalleadershippattern”.Anyoneallergic(反感)tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexit，butMr.Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadershipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership，themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffectivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplentyofanecdotesandexamples，bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.Alas,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejerrytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadership-inparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecurringthemeisthatascircumstanceschange，differentsortsofleadersarerequired；aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.
题目：In his book The Powers to Lead，Mr. Nye has examined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____· - A 、authority
- B 、context
- C 、approaches
- D 、morality
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参考答案【正确答案：A】
细节题。根据题干中的信号词examined定位到第四段第三句。这句话依次列出了 Nye所考査的三个方面：different approaches、morality 以及 how the wider context can… leader, 四个选项中只有Α选项没有提到。
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- 9 【阅读理解A】Mr. Nye’s book is particularly valuable in that it_____.
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