- 阅读理解A
题干:Emotionisafeelingaboutorreactiontocertainimportanteventsorthoughts.Peopleenjoyfeelingsuchpleasantemotionsaslove,happiness,andcontentment.Theyoftentrytoavoidfeelingunpleasantemotions,suchasloneliness,worry,andgrief.Individualscommunicatemostoftheiremotionsbymeansofwords,avarietyofsounds,facialexpressions,andgestures.Forexample,angercausesmanypeopletofrown,makeafist,andyell.Peoplelearnwaysofshowingsomeoftheiremotionsfrommembersoftheirsociety,thoughhereditymaydeterminesomeemotionalbehavior.Researchhasshownthatdifferentisolatedpeoplesshowemotionsbymeansofsimilarfacialexpressions.CharlesDarwin,famousforthetheoryofnaturalselection,alsostudiedemotion.Darwinsaidin1872thatemotionalbehaviororiginallyservedbothasanaidtosurvivalandasamethodofcommunicatingintentions.AccordingtotheJames-Langetheoryofemotionsdevelopedinthe1880s,peoplefeelemotionsonlyifawareoftheirowninternalphysicalreactionstoevents,suchasincreasedheartrateorbloodpressure.Butthistheorywasnotupheldbyresearchoncatsthathadtheirnervoussystemsdamaged.Thecatscouldnotfeeltheirbody’sinternalchanges,buttheyshowednormalemotionalbehavior.JohnB.Watson,anAmericanpsychologistwhohelpedfoundtheschoolofpsychologycalledbehaviorism,observedthatbabiesstimulatedbycertaineventsshowedthreebasicemotions-fear,anger,andlove.Watson’sviewhasbeenchallengedfrequentlysinceheproposeditin1919.Themostwidelyacceptedviewisthatemotionsoccurasacomplexsequenceofevents.Thesequencebeginswhenapersonencountersanimportanteventorthought.Theperson'sinterpretationoftheencounterdeterminesthefeelingthatislikelytofollow.Forexample,someonewhoencountersabearinthewoodswouldprobablyinterprettheeventasdangerous.Thesenseofdangerwouldcausetheindividualtofeelfear.Eachfeelingisfollowedbyphysicalchangesanddesirestotakeaction,whichareresponsestotheeventthatstartedthesequence.Thus,apersonwhometabearwouldprobablyrunaway.SeveralAmericanpsychologistsindependentlydevelopedthetheorythatthereareeightbasicemotions.Theseemotions-whichcanexistatvariouslevelsofintensity-areanger,fear,joy,sadness,acceptance,disgusts,surprise,andinterestorcuriosity.Theycombinetoformallotheremotions,justascertainbasiccolorsproduceallothers.
题目:The James-Lange theory of emotions_____. - A 、overlooked internal physical reactions
- B 、exaggerated the function of stimulating events
- C 、faced a challenge from counter evidence
- D 、offered a narrow interpretation of emotions

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【正确答案:C】
推断题。答案从文中第三段第三句话开始。According to the James-Lange theory of emotionsdeveloped in the… but this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous system damaged. “根据于1880年提出的詹姆斯一兰格情绪的理论,一个人体内对心跳加速和血压升高这些生理变化做出反应,并且只有在意识到这些变化的时候,才会有不同情感的产生。但是这个理论在对神经受损的猫身上所进行的研究中没有得到支持”。综合分析,我们可知A选项与原文不符。B选项是沃森实验所涉及到的内容。D选项是第四段谈到人们普遍看法的时候所涉及的观点。只有C选项为正确答案。

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