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（一）

英译汉

Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan ｏｒmeaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it ａｎｄ　described it, be planless ａｎｄ　irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations ａｎｄ　plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in ｏｒｃｅｒto choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations ａｎｄ　with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless ａｎｄ　irrational.

【参考译文】

达尔文以后的生物学家们一直相信，大自然的运行是没有计划没有意义的，不会按照预先设定的途径实现任何目的。但是，今天我们知道，这一看法是个严重的错误。为什么恰如达尔文所理解和描述的那样，进化就该是无计划和无理性的呢?飞机设计师们利用风洞检测根据统计数据制造的大量机体模型的耐用性能，在具体运算和计划不起作用的情况下，为选出功能最佳的设计，他们不也正是根据同样的进化原理进行工作的吗?核物理学家经过上万次的计算机运算，试图找出哪些材料，以怎样的结合方式，以及什么结构形式最适宜用于建造原子核反应堆，我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么?他们进行的适应性调节也未经过事先设计，而是根据选择原理进行的。但是人们从未认为这种方法是无计划、无理性的。

（二）

汉译英

1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。

奉浦大桥是首座由地方筹资兴建的黄浦江大桥，奉贤县与市区有关部门和企业共同集资4.46亿元，仅用1年零7个月的时间即胜利建成。大桥的建成解决了长期困扰奉贤与浦南地区的过江问题，同时还改善了该地区的投资环境，为杭州湾北岸的开发、建设打下了良好的基础。

金秋10月的黄浦江畔，徐浦、南浦、杨捕、奉浦四座大桥沐浴着金秋阳光，各显神姿，交相辉映，为上海这座充满生机与魅力的国际大都市增添了更加夺目的风采。不久的将来，上海还将建造更多的过江设施，把浦江两岸更紧密地连结在一起。

【参考译文】

In October 1995, another bridge flew to span the Huangpu River, connecting Punan with Fengxian. It is Fengpu Bridge, the fourth bridge over the river open to traffic after the Xupu, Nanpu ａｎｄ　Yangpu Bridge.Completed in 19 months, Fengpu Bridge is the first locally financed bridge over the river, with the funds of 446 million yuan raised by Fengxian County ａｎｄ　departments ａｎｄ　enterprises concerned in the municipal government. The completion of the bridge has solved the chronic problem of crossing the Huangpu River that bothered the residents in Fengxian ａｎｄ　Punan ａｎｄ　also improved the investment environment, which lays (thus laying) a solid foundation fｏｒthe construction ａｎｄ　development on the north bank of the Hangzhou Bay.

In the golder autumn of October, the Xupu, Nanpu, Yangpu.ａｎｄ　Fengpu Bridges over the Huangpu River, bathed in the golden sunshine, show the disyinctive features and enhance each other’s magnificance, adding (which adds) more luster to Shanghai, a cosmopolis that is full of charm ａｎｄ　vitality. In the near future, more cross-river facilities will be built in Shanghai to link closely areas on the two banks of the Huangpu River.

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