下载亿题库APP
联系电话:400-660-1360
请谨慎保管和记忆你的密码,以免泄露和丢失
请谨慎保管和记忆你的密码,以免泄露和丢失
考研英语的一大难点在于词汇量积累上,因此阅读题一向是不少考生头疼的部分。下面,帮考网为大家带来考研英语的一些模拟试题,正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。
Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve cultural values.In all cultures,parents must teach their children to avoid danger and to observe the community‘s moral precepts.Adults also condition each other’s observance of social norms,using methods ranging form mild forms of censure,such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark,to imprisoning or executing individuals for behavior considered deviant or dangerous.The caning of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994 brought wide media attention to cultural differences in the application of punishment.Faced with increasing violence at home,many Americans endorsed Singapore‘s use of corporal punishment to maintain social order.Was Fay’s punishment effective? Whether he subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown,but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singapore—which he left promptly.
The operant techniques societies use to maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront them.The Gusii of Kenya,with a history of tribal warfare,face threats not only from outsiders but also from natural forces,including wild animals.Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children.Caning,food deprivation,and withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment.
In contrast,the Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca,Mexico,are a highly cohesive community,with little internal conflict,and social norms that encourage cooperation.Their social patterns appear adaptive,for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans,who control the official government and many economic resources in their region.The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jail sentences or use physical punishment to deter aggression in either adults or children.Rather,they tend to rely on soothing persuasion.Social ostracism is the most feared punishment,and social ties within the community are very strong,so responses that reinforce these ties are effective in maintaining social order.
In the United States,fear of social ostracism or stigma was once a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior,especially in small communities.Today,even imprisonment does not appear to be an adequate deterrent to many forms of crime,especially violent crime.Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment,another may be the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the intense stigma it once had,so that prison is no longer as an effective punishment.
1.The best title of this passage would be____.
[A] Crime and Punishment
[B] Reward and Punishment
[C] Social Order
2.According to the passage,what is a universal cultural norm in maintaining social order?
[A] Children must be obedient to their parents.
[B] People must publicly complain when someone misbehaves.
[C] People should do their parts to ensure that others comply with social rules.
[D] People should publicly humiliate the wrongdoers.
3.What can be inferred from the Michael Fay case?
[A] Many Americans were opposed to the corporal punishment that Michael Fay received in Singapore.
[B] The American media did not pay any attention to cultural differences until 1994.
[C] The caning was effective because Michael Fay subsequently refrained from vandalism.
[D] Michael Fay left Singapore immediately after the caning punishment.
4.What would a Gusii mother from Kenya most likely do to punish her children?
[A] To stop giving them pocket money.
[B] To persuade them in a gentle way.
[C] To verbally humiliate them.
[D] To threaten to expel them from the home.
5.The word“stigma”(in fourth paragraph)most probably means____.
[A] irony
[B] verbal
[C] persuasion
[D] bad reputation
以上就是帮考网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。帮考网提醒:2021年考研预报名将在九月下旬开始,小伙伴们在复习时也不要忘了报名哦。最后,帮考网预祝准备参加2021年考研的小伙伴都能取得优异的成绩。
以前年度的普通研究生入学考试成绩还能查询吗?:以前年度的普通研究生入学考试成绩还能查询吗?以前的考研成绩能查,成绩查询可以登录中国研究生招生信息网,根据自己报考研究生考试的报名号登陆,即可查询以前的考研成绩。
普通研究生入学考试同一专业的初试是全国统一的吗?:普通研究生入学考试同一专业的初试是全国统一的吗?是的,普通研究生考试分初试和复试两个阶段进行。初试和复试都是硕士研究生招生考试的重要组成部分。初试由国家统一组织,复试由招生单位自行组织。初试方式分为全国统一考试、联合考试、单独考试以及推荐免试。全国统一命题科目及招生单位自命题科目试题(包括副题)、参考答案、评分参考等应当按照教育工作国家秘密范围的有关规定严格管理。
普通研究生入学考试每年有几次?:普通研究生入学考试每年有几次?普通研究生入学考试每年举行一次。就时间来说,一般是在一月份左右,而报名时间一般在十月份,十一月中旬现场确认,十二月中旬打印准考证。
2020-06-06
2020-06-06
2020-06-06
2020-06-06
2020-06-06
微信扫码关注公众号
获取更多考试热门资料