对于不考数学的小伙伴来说，英语无疑是研究生入学考试最难的科目。在备考英语时，除了必要的教材学习之外，试题练习也是非常重要的一步。为了帮助大家备考，帮考网在下面为大家带来研究生入学考试英语科目部分历年真题，正在备考的小伙伴不妨来看一看。

Read thefollowing text carefully ａｎｄ then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)

It wasonly after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, andbegan to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just howbad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise varioussigns of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people whoeat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely thanthose who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) ；Thereis a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, whentaken up by broadcasters ａｎｄ the lay press, generates both health scares andshort-lived dietary enthusiasms.

Why is somuch bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural ｓｅｌｅｃｔion of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answerthis intriguing ａｎｄ important question. It says that the problem is not merelythat people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancementpositively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication,which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationaryprocess at work: (47) ；nowadays anyone applying fｏｒa research post hasto have published twice the number of papers that would have been required forthe same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count thenumber.

(48) ；Attemptshave been made to curb this tendency, fｏｒexample, by trying to incorporatesome measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. ；This is the famed citation index, thatis to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in thescientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will becited more often than one of small account. (49) ；This would bereasonable if it were not fｏｒthe fact that scientists can easily arrange tocite themselves in their future publications, ｏｒget associates to do so forthem in return fｏｒsimilar favours.

Boilingdown an individual’s output to simple metrics, suchas number of publications ｏｒjournal impacts, entails considerable savings intime, energy ａｎｄ ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simplequantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50) ；If we are serious about ensuring that our science is bothmeaningful ａｎｄ reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encouragethat kind of science.

46) 【题干】There is a great deal of this kind ofnonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters ａｎｄ thelay press, generates both health scares ａｎｄ short-lived dietary enthusiasms.

【答案】医学期刊中存在大量由广播公司和新闻媒体报道的这种无稽之谈，这会导致健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。

47) 【题干】nowadays anyone applying fｏｒa research posthas to have published twice the number of papers that would have been requiredfｏｒthe same post only 10 years ago.

【答案】如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。

48) 【题干】Attempts have been made to curb this kindtendency to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into theassessment of an applicant’s published papers.

【答案】人们已经做出努力来遏制这种倾向，即将一些质量和数量纳入申请人发表的论文的评估当中。

49) 【题干】This would be reasonable enough if it werenot fｏｒthe fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in theirfuture publications, ｏｒget associates to do so fｏｒthem in return fｏｒsimilarfavors.

【答案】如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事为他们这样做以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。

50)【题干】If we are serious about ensuring that ourscience is both meaningful ａｎｄ reproducible, we must ensure that ourinstitutions incentivize that kind of science.

【答案】如果我们想认真确保科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的制度可以激励这种科学的发展

以上就是帮考网为大家带来的全部内容，各位考生可参阅备考。历年考试试题仅用于参考，小伙伴们还是要多多练习其他的试题。最后，帮考网预祝准备参加2022年研究生入学考试的小伙伴都能顺利通过。