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2022年考研初试备考时间已经不多,相信大家都已经进入最后的复习阶段。在最后阶段,适当的真题练习也是非常重要的。下面,帮考网为大家带来考研初试英语分析题的部分历年真题,赶紧练起来。
Directions:
Read thefollowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, CorD. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Unlikeso-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges alittle later, in conjunction with a child’s growinggrasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over timethat such statements appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the rightamount, to be a good thing.
In thepopular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeplyuncomfortable-- it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted withstones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival ora rethinking about what guilt is andwhat role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychologyresearcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of alarger recognition that emotions aren’t binary --feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger, forexample, may have evolved to alert us to importantinequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
and quilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humansto make up forerrors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can helphold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed inthis light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychologyprofessorat the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate foran emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shownthat guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation andsharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up forthat shortfall byexperiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. and viceversa : High sympathy can substitute forlow guilt.
In a 2014study, forexample, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessmentsand the children’s self-observations, she ratedeach child’s overall sympathy level and hisorher tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then thekids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with ananonymous child. Forthe low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared toturn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more,even though they hadn’t magically become moresympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harmand we feel regret.”
21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.
A.regulate a child’s basic emotions
B.improve a child’s intellectual ability
C. fostera child’s moral development
D.intensify a child’s positive feelings
22.According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _______.
A.deceptive
B.burdensome
C.addictive
D.inexcusable
23. Vaishholds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.
A.emotions are context-independent
B.emotions are socially constructive
C.emotional stability can benefit health
D. anemotion can play opposing roles
24. Maltiand others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.
A. mayhelp correct emotional deficiencies
B. canresult from either sympathy orguilt
C. can bringabout emotional satisfaction
D. may bethe outcome of impulsive acts
25. Theword “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to_______.
A.teachings
B.discussions
C.restrictions
D.wrongdoings
以上就是帮考网为大家带来的全部信息,希望能给大家一些帮助。在最后阶段,小伙伴们要注意调整自己的心态,以良好的心态去迎接考试哦。另外,小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问,也可以留言咨询。
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