对于不考数学的小伙伴来说，英语无疑是研究生入学考试最难的科目。在备考英语时，除了必要的教材学习之外，试题练习也是非常重要的一步。为了帮助大家备考，帮考网在下面为大家带来研究生入学考试英语科目部分历年真题，正在备考的小伙伴不妨来看一看。

SectionII Reading Comprehension Part A

Progressivesoften support diversity mandates as a path to equality ａｎｄ a way to level theplaying field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form ofvirtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged ａｎｄ does little to helpaverage people.

A pair ofbills sponsored by Massachusetts state SenatｏｒJason Lewis ａｎｄ House SpeakerPro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards andcommissions, provide a case in point.

Haddadａｎｄ Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards areless than 40 percent female. In ｏｒｃｅｒto ensure that elite women have more suchopportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the billsbecome law, state boards ａｎｄ commissions will be required to ｓｅｔaside 50percent of board seats fｏｒwomen by 2022.

The billsare similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year becamethe first state to require gender quotas fｏｒprivate companies. In signing themeasure, California GovernｏｒJerry Brown admitted that the law, which expresslyclassifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

The USSupreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed toaddress an "important" policy interest, because the California lawapplies to all boards, even where there is no history of priｏｒdiscrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of"equal protection".

But aresuch government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporateboards may not currently mirrｏｒthe percentage of women in the generalpopulation, but so what?

Thenumber of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing withoutgovernment interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54percent.

Requiringcompanies to make gender the primary qualification fｏｒboard membership willinevitably lead to less experienced private sectｏｒboards. That is exactly whathappened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writingin The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number ofopportunities fｏｒboard membership without increasing the pool of qualifiedwomen to serve on such boards has led to a "gold skirt" phenomenon.Where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.

Next timesomebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, rememberthat such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsorsfeel good but do little to help average women.

31. 【题干】The authｏｒbelieves hat the bills sponsoredby Lewis ａｎｄ Haddad will _____.

【选项】

A.helplittle to reduce gender bias.

B.pose athreat to the state government.

C.raisewomen’s position in politics.

D.greatlybroaden career options.

32. 【题干】Which of the following is true of theCalifornia measure? _____

【选项】

A.It hasirritated private business owners.

B.It iswelcomed by the Supreme Court.

C.It maygo against the Constitution.

D.It willsettle the priｏｒcontroversies.

33.【题干】 The authｏｒmentions the study by Catalyst toillustrate _____.

【选项】

A.theharm from arbitrary board decision.

B.theimportance of constitutional guarantees.

C.thepressure on women in global corporations.

D.theneedlessness of government interventions.

34. 【题干】Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporategender quota has led to _____.

【选项】

A.theunderestimation of elite women’s role.

B.theobjection to female participation on bards.

C.theentry of unqualified candidates into the board.

D.thegrowing tension between Labｏｒａｎｄ management.

35. 【题干】Which of the following can be inferred fromthe text? _____

【选项】

A.Women’sneed in employment should be considered.

B.Feasibilityshould be a prime concern in policymaking.

C.Everyoneshould try hard to promote social justice.

D.Majorsocial issues should be the focus of legislation.

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