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Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 2

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system.

In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.

An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.

In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person\\'s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.

26.What is the main purpose of the passage?

[A]To outline contrasting types of economic.

[B]To explain the science of economic systems.

[C]To argue for the superiority of one economic system.

[D]To compare barter and money-exchange markets.

27.In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by which of the following?

[A]High quality. [B]Concrete.

[C]Utter. [D]Authentic.

28.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to ______.

[A]rapid speed of transactions

[B]misunderstandings

[C]inflation

[D]difficulties for the traders

29.According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?

[A]Individual households. [B]Small businesses.

[C]Major corporations. [D]The government.

30.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person\\'s place in a traditional society?

[A]Family background. [B]Age.

[C]Religious beliefs. [D]Custom.

以上就是帮考网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。帮考网提醒：以上内容仅为参考，在做试题练习时，小伙伴们还是要以考研大纲为准，有针对性的去做题哦。最后，帮考网预祝参加2021年考研初试的小伙伴都能取得优异的成绩。