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2019年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理历年真题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Many?cities?have?restricted?smoking?in?public?places.【单选题】
A.limited
B.allowed
C.stopped
D.kept
正确答案:A
答案解析:题干大意:许多城市禁止在公共场合抽烟。restrict意为“限制”,如:The?trees?restrict?our?view.(这些树局限了我们的视野。)limit意为“限制”,最符合题意,如:He?must?limit?the?number?of?cigarettes?he?smokes.(他必须限制抽烟的数目。)allow意为“允许”,如:Please?allow?me?to?express?my?warm?welcome?to?our?guests.?(请允许我向来客表示热烈的欢迎。)stop意为“停止”,如:Stop?talking.(别说话。)keep意为“保持”,如:keep?silence(保持沉默)。
2、Rodman?met?with?Tony?to?try?and?settle?the?dispute?over?his?contract.【单选题】
A.mark
B.involve
C.solve
D.avoid
正确答案:C
答案解析:题干大意:罗德曼与托尼会面,尝试解决他们的合同纠纷。句子中的画线部分意为“解决”。四个选项中,solve意为“解决”;avoid意为“避免”,如:We?must?take?measures?to?avoid?the?traffic?accidents.(我们必须采取措施以避免发生交通事故。)mark意为“做标记”;involve意为“卷入、陷入”。和involve有关的短语有involved?in“卷入……”;involve?with“涉及,和……有关”。
3、The polar lights, one of the most unusual phenomena in nature, is beautiful to behold. 【单选题】
A.view
B.relate
C.sketch
D.withhold
正确答案:A
答案解析:behold:看,和view(观察、观看)词义相近;relate:叙述、讲;sketch:素描、勾画;withhold:保留、抑制。
4、First and foremost, we must work out how we are going to get there.【单选题】
A.think
B.plan
C.write
D.check
正确答案:B
答案解析:work out和plan同义:计划、设计;think:想、思索,指的是人的思维能力;write:写、写字;check:检查、核对。
5、The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don't permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground that means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
"It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can't choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try and shrink into the background but some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.
Don't worry about them. They are probably from a university.
When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,____.【单选题】
A.he sold it to the architects and builders immediately
B.the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids
C.it was accepted favorably by the public
D.most people had doubt about its safety
正确答案:D
答案解析:答案在第四段。Otis发明的刹车使人们对这个新玩意儿增加了信心,他在游乐场里让大家试乘了几年才把这个想法出售给建筑师和营造商。
6、A Tale of Scottish Rural Life
Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song (1932) was voted "the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scottish's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.
The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine. We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father; experience tragedy (her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.
But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing patterns of speech and writing.
The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else's business and nothing is ever forgotten.
Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris' husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told In fact, the Germans aren't responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead, it is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?【单选题】
A.The climate of Kinraddie.
B.The history of Kinraddie.
C.The geography of Kinraddie.
D.The language spoken in Kinraddie.
正确答案:B
答案解析:A: Kinraddie的气候;B: Kinraddie的历史;C: Kinraddie的地理;D: Kinraddie说的语言。看看下面这句话:Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history,in a language that imitates the place's changing patterns of speech and writing. 小说的开头部分讲述了Kinraddie的悠久历史,讲述时模仿了该地方变化着的口语和书面语的表达方式。可以看出B是对的。
7、Nurse ! I Want My Mummy
When a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be with them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed or so far on the ward.
But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon, it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were upset when their parents left, and so there was a blanket ban.
A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse! I want my mummy" published in 1974 , changed the face of paediatric nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela's study was done against the background of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in ____. "
"The idea was that if mum came to visit a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was eve coming back. "
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit. "
"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit. "
"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal. "
"Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
"As a result of her work, parents and careers are now recognized as partners and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care. "
【单选题】
A.hospital
B.family
C.group
D.school
正确答案:A
答案解析:此处显然指允许父母到医院探望孩子的时间。
8、The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3 ,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head, There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth hoots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story, A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
The word "bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ______. 【单选题】
A.soldiers
B.hunters
C.shooters
D.robbers
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题是词义题,比较容易。文章第四段谈到冰人当时与强盗交战,可以推测他本人有可能是强盗,另外也可以迅速查词典确定含义,答案是D。
9、Cancer
1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor(肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.
3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient's age and general health and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.
4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease and the patient's tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.
Paragraph 1 ______
【单选题】
A.How is cancer treated?
B.Does cancer always cause pain?
C.Can cancer be prevented?
D.What is cancer?
E.How common is cancer?
F.What causes cancer?
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题难度不大,段落主旨句比较明显,是文章第一段的第一句,谈到了癌症的概念,谈到癌症是始于细胞病变的综合相关疾病,回来看选项,D项What is cancer?简单概括了本段意思,是答案。
10、College Night Owls Have Lower Grades
College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - author Daniet J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylor said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students' academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study author Dr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic performance, including GPAs."
In the second study, students with low GPAs did NOT complain of ______.【单选题】
A.having trouble falling asleep
B.waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep
C.having difficulty concentrating during the day
D.being kicked in the leg at night
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据比较明显,答案依据是文章倒数第二段,本段谈到了成绩较低的学生中有53. 1%的人晚上会踢腿或痉挛,但没有提到腿被踢,答案是D。
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