2019年MBA考试《英语》考试共48题，分为英译汉和写作和完形填空和阅读理解A和阅读理解B。小编为您整理第六章 短文翻译5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、

    One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the nature habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation; it also involves care of plants, not only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their young safely.

    Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be“harvested”. By allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.

答案解析:

      野生动物管理部门首要关心的事就是保护和改善它们的自然栖息地以使动物们有足够的食物和水来生存。野生动物管理部门专注于保护土壤，培育出良好的植被，他们还专注于保护植物，植物不仅能作为野生动物的食物来源，还能作为它们的保护者。动物需要用植物来掩护自己以躲避天敌和安全地抚育自己的孩子。

       就像庄稼收获一样，野生动物有时候也必须被“收获”，通过允许有限的捕猎，好的管理部门能控制某些物种使他们不至因过度繁殖而威胁到他们的栖息地。

2、

    For the past five years, Tianjin University in northern China has provided free accommodation for parents in what it calls “tents of love.” Other schools let parents sleep on mats in school gymnasiums.

    Images of school gyms packed with parents have been widely shared on Chinese social media prompting a debate on whether China’s only children are treated too kindly and generously. Some have voiced criticism of Tianjin University, saying that they think both the parents and the children should be more independent.

    China’s children are often doted on by parents and two sets of grandparents, prompting fears that China has produced a generation of “little emperors” unable or unwilling to take care of themselves.

    Some experts think that the problem is overstated. They claimed that for some families, it’s their way to celebrate the first-ever family member who’s able to go to college. There’s nothing wrong with sharing the happiness.

答案解析:      过去五年来，天津大学一直为家长们提供免费住处，并将其称为“爱的帐篷”。其它学校也让家长借宿在学校体育馆的垫子上。
      学校体育馆里挤满家长的图片在中国的社交媒体上广泛流传，引起了人们对中国独生子女是否太过娇惯的争论。有人批评天津大学的做法，他们认为家长和孩子都应该更加独立。
      中国的千禧一代，常常是被爸妈哄着，爷爷奶奶姥姥姥爷宠着，使人担心中国培养了一代“小皇帝”，不愿意自理或缺乏自理能力。
      一些专家认为，问题严重性被夸大了。他们认为，对一些家庭来说，这是对家里出了第一位大学生的庆祝方式，分享这份喜悦没什么不对的。

3、

   Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely — though by no means uniformly — glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. 

    Now Utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. 

    But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years一 so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens，if not hundreds，of thousands of years. According to the UN, there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.

答案解析:

       直到几十年前，我们对未来的展望——尽管并不完全一致——但大多极为乐观。（人们相信）科技将会解决人类一切问题，让所有人都过上充满机遇和满足感的生活。

       如今，随着我们对自身面临的一系列威胁（从小行星撞击到肆虐的流感，再到气候变化）有了更深刻的了解，乌托邦式的美好想象已变得不再流行。你甚至会禁不住认为人类几乎没什么未来可期待了。

       然而，这种悲观的想法是错误的。化石记录表明许多物种可以存在数百万年——人类为何不可能呢？从更宏观的视角来审视我们人类在宇宙中的位置会很清楚地发现，我们很可能会生存数万年(即使不是几十万年）的时间。根据联合国的看法，当前并不存在任何重大威胁可导致人类数量的整体下降。

4、    In the film The Devil Wears Prada, Priestly scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
    This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year condemnation of "fast fashion". In the last decade, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. These labels encourage style conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt- cheap prices, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.【英译汉】

答案解析:       在电影《穿普拉达的女魔头》（或《时尚女魔头》）中，Priestly批评她缺乏魅力的助手，指责她竞然对高端时尚无动于衷。Priestly解释了助手所穿毛衣的深蓝色调多年来是如何从时装秀场屈尊至百货店，再沦落到折扣区的，而这个可怜的女孩无疑是从折价区淘到这件衣服的。 
       时尚业这种自上而下的观念早已过时，也与伊丽莎白.克莱恩在《过度着装》中所描述的狂热世界完全相悖，在这本历时三年完成的书中，克莱恩表述了她对“快速时尚”的控诉。在过去十年间，技术发展使得大众品牌能对时尚做出更快反应，并对需求做出更准确预测。这些品牌鼓励热衷时尚的消费者将服装视为一次性消费品，每隔一两周就更换一次衣橱。这些品牌通过提供低廉而流行的服装，操控了时尚的循环周期，撼动了一个长久以来一直连循以“季”为周期的行业。

5、

    Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing.

    However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parson's main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

答案解析:        初级社会化指的是儿童早期的训练，中级社会化关注的是对儿童人格发展和学习活动的影响，比如说他们在学校和老师，同学的交往。初始社会化在大多数社会中是通过家庭扶养完成的。在现代家庭中，父母扶养和教育子女一些最基础的东西，比如语言，正确的行为。扶养子女包括教孩子用厕所，正确地吃东西，鼓励孩子和别人相处等等。
        然而儿童不仅是在这些平凡的事情中学习。他们也潜移默化地学会大人对社会价值的看法。在Parson所关注的美国社会，这些价值观包括独立，进取，和竞争。另外的社会可能会强调不同的观念，比如合作，平等。然而，在不同社会，初级社会化背后的准则却是一样的：社会价值观的培养必须在一个充满爱和安全感的环境中进行，世界上任何一个完美的家庭都创造了这样的一种环境。