2019年MBA考试《英语》考试共48题，分为英译汉和写作和完形填空和阅读理解A和阅读理解B。小编为您整理第六章 短文翻译5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、

    Television, video and the wide range of social and recreational opportunities which are now available have taken the place of books in many homes. School children and students still have to read but they usually read because they have to, rather than because they enjoy it. Once they have left school or college, many feel that they never want to open a book again. In England 44% of the population say that they never buy a book and a further 1 % buy only one book a year. In contrast to this there have been 55,000 new books published in England this year as compared to just under 12,000 in 1950 when people were supposed to be spending more time reading for pleasure and relaxation in an age which was pre-TV.

答案解析:       电视、录像以及大量的现有的社交和娱乐机会在许多家庭已经取代了书籍。在校孩子和学生仍然得读书，但他们通常是被迫阅读而并非自己喜欢读书。他们一旦离开校门，许多人再也不愿意碰书本。在英国44%的人说他们从不买书，另有1%的人一年只买一本书。与此形成对照的是英国今年已出版5万5千本书而1950年只有1万2千本书出版，在当时的前电视时代人们本应该花更多的时间通过阅读来娱乐和放松。

2、

    A San Francisco fast food restaurant has opened with no waiting staff or cashiers and instead dispenses its meals using a giant vending machine.　

    Customers of Eatsa, in the middle of the city's financial district, order their dishes on iPads, which are prepared by staff in a hidden kitchen and delivered to the fully automated “cubbies”.  

    According to Tim Young, Eatsa's co-founder, the company is reinventing fast food by combining the speed and affordability of fast food with the delicious flavors and nutritious ingredients of premium fast casual. “By developing new technology to automate every aspect of the food experience, we are able to deliver a product with the best qualities of premium fast casual at a price point that is accessible to everyone.” 

    The customers order their food using a virtual cashier, who retains details of previous purchases allowing tailored suggestions. When the food is ready, the dish is delivered to an individual glass door “cubby” which shows personalized graphics allowing the customer to quickly identify their own lunch.

答案解析:

       旧金山一家快餐店开张了，不过店里没有服务生和收银员，只有一台巨大的自动贩卖机分发食物。

       这家店名叫伊特萨，位于旧金山金融中心区，顾客在掌上电脑上点餐，顾客看不到后厨，员工做好后会把食物放进全自动贩卖机中。

       伊特萨的合资人蒂姆•杨(Tim Young)表示，“快餐食品快速便捷，优质便餐美味营养，通过两者的结合，公司正在彻底改造快餐。通过发展新技术，将用餐体验的每一环节自动化，我们有能力提供价格亲民、质量最好的快餐。

       店内虚拟收银员负责点餐，虚拟收银员还保留顾客的点餐记录，由此提供量身定做的就餐建议。食物备好后会被送到独立的玻璃门“小隔间”，上面会显示个性化的图像，以便顾客快速识别自己的食物。

3、

    Quality of life is about more than the size of your pay cheque. It means being able to spend an evening with your family once a week--instead of keeping one parent at home with the kids while the other works, and then exchanging a few words when you switch roles halfway through the day. It means being able to request working hours that allow you to travel when buses are running so you do not have to walk miles to get to work.    

    Those things matter to workers. When someone on a low wage talks about finding a better job, better pay is just  part of the mix. This is why campaigns groups across America are trying to win better conditions--enabling  mployees to address questions of health, safety and life quality, alongside their wage gains. Short-notice rotas, as much as low pay or unsafe conditions, are central to a spate of protests across the US.

答案解析:        生活质量不仅在于薪水高低。有质量的生活意味着每周能和家人共度一晚——而不是一方在家带孩子，另一方在外工作，然后在中午角色互换时说几句话。有质量的生活还意味着在公交运营时间内上下班，而不必步行几英里去上班。
        这些事情对劳动者来说很重要。当一个薪水较低的人谈起找一份更好的工作时，更高的薪资仅仅是部分因素。这就是为什么美国各地的活动团体一直在努力争取更好的工作条件——让雇员在获得涨薪的同时，也能够解决健康、安全和生活质量方面的问题。临时排班与低薪和不安全的工作条件一样，是美国各地大量抗议活动主要针对的问题。

4、    We did not care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.
    But the critical point was that, in the process，we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem effectively by oneself. Such self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class America. So long as the child is shown how to do something - whether it be placing a key in a key slot, or making up for a misdeed - he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And，more generally，he is less likely to view life — as Americans do - as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for himself, to solve problems on one's own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.【英译汉】

答案解析:      我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得很开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。
      但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。只要我们向孩子演示如何做某件事情——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自己想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。

5、

    Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing.

    However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parson's main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

答案解析:        初级社会化指的是儿童早期的训练，中级社会化关注的是对儿童人格发展和学习活动的影响，比如说他们在学校和老师，同学的交往。初始社会化在大多数社会中是通过家庭扶养完成的。在现代家庭中，父母扶养和教育子女一些最基础的东西，比如语言，正确的行为。扶养子女包括教孩子用厕所，正确地吃东西，鼓励孩子和别人相处等等。
        然而儿童不仅是在这些平凡的事情中学习。他们也潜移默化地学会大人对社会价值的看法。在Parson所关注的美国社会，这些价值观包括独立，进取，和竞争。另外的社会可能会强调不同的观念，比如合作，平等。然而，在不同社会，初级社会化背后的准则却是一样的：社会价值观的培养必须在一个充满爱和安全感的环境中进行，世界上任何一个完美的家庭都创造了这样的一种环境。