2019年MBA考试《英语》考试共48题，分为英译汉和写作和完形填空和阅读理解A和阅读理解B。小编为您整理第六章 短文翻译5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、

    An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S. executive tells his staff he's going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer. Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. 

    "Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they're finally looking at culture", says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. "Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don't think ‘yes' means ‘yes'," advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social "do's" and "don'ts" is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.

答案解析:       一个亚洲工程师被派到美国的实验室后精神几乎崩溃。一个美国经理告诉他的员工自己将公平对待他们，而这却导致了冲突。一个日本经理获得了美国总裁的提升，但不到六个月就要求调任。这些实际生活中的例子涉及到了那些被认为是高级雇员的人，这些人没有准备好去处理跨文化管理中的复杂性及危险性。
       总部位于加利福尼亚的IRI国际公司创始人兼总裁Clifford Clarke指出，国际化公司已研究了其他方面，现在他们终于开始正视文化方面了。美国顾问Lennie Copland和Lewis Brown Griggs建议：决不要向阿拉伯人展示鞋，在巴西参加聚会决不要按时到，在日本不要认为yes就是同意。这些顾问拍摄了一系列短片，并写了一本书以帮助经理们提高他们的国际化经营管理技能。据新文化专家说，仅仅学习社交场合中“应该做什么”和“不应该做什么”不是解决之道。他们指出忽视不同的思维方式，惩罚后果会很严重。

2、

   Think this way, it’s your inability to resist cheesecake that’s making it tough to fit into your skinny jeans? Well, a new study shows your bacteria may share some of the blame. 

    Because the new study in mice reveals that the response of intestinal microbes to a high-fat diet ends up triggering the release of a hormone that makes mammals feel hungry, causing them to eat even more. The finding is served up in the journal Nature.

    Previous work has shown that the types of bacteria in the gut in diabetic or obese individuals are different from the bacteria in healthy people. But does this bacterial makeup contribute to these disorders? Or is it just a side effect?

    To unravel this mystery, researchers put mice on a high-fat diet. As a result, the animals experienced a buildup of a chemical called acetate (醋酸盐), particularly in the large intestine(肠).

答案解析:      设想一下，你很难穿上紧身牛仔裤是因为你无法抗拒奶酪蛋糕吗？其实，你体内的细菌可能要承担部分责任。
      一项在小鼠身上进行的新研究表明，肠道细菌对高脂肪饮食的反应会最终引发荷尔蒙的释放，使哺乳动物感到饥饿，吃的更多。该项发现已经刊登在《自然》杂志上。
      此前的研究表明，糖尿病患者或者肥胖群体肠道中的细菌类型与健康人的不同。但是这种细菌组成会导致这些疾病吗？还是只是一种副作用？
      为了解开这个谜团，研究人员让小鼠施用高脂肪饮食，结果发现醋酸酯这种化学物质在这些动物体内，特别是在大肠中，积累起来。

3、    Climate change is a global issue of common concern to the international community. In recent years, worldwide heat waves, droughts, floods and other extreme climate events have occurred frequently, making the impact of climate change increasingly prominent. It has become a main world trend that all countries join hands to respond to climate change and promote green and low-carbon development.
    China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, insufficient energy resources, complex climate and fragile eco-environment. It has not yet completed the historical task of industrialization and urbanization and its development is unbalanced. China's per-capita GDP in 2010 was only a little more than RMB 29,000. By the UN standard, China still has a poverty-stricken population of over 100 million, thus it faces an extremely arduous task in developing its economy, eliminating poverty and improving the people's livelihood. In the meantime, China is one of the countries most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. 【英译汉】

答案解析:       对于国际社会来讲，气候变化是个普遍关注的全球性问题。近年来，全球性热浪、干旱、洪水以及其他极端气候事件频频发生，使得气候变化的影响变得越来越突出。世界各国携手共同应对气候变化并促进绿色与低碳事业发展，已成为世界上的一个主流趋势。
       中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口众多，能源不足，气候复杂，生态环境脆弱。迄今尚未完成工业化与城市化的历史任务，并且发展也不均衡。中国在2010年的人均GDP仅仅是2万9千多人民币。根据联合国的贫困标准，中国仍有1亿多的贫困人口，因此，中国在发展经济、消除贫困以及改善民生方面面临的任务极为艰巨。同时，中国还是最容易遭受气候变化负作用影响的国家之一。

4、    We did not care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.
    But the critical point was that, in the process，we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem effectively by oneself. Such self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class America. So long as the child is shown how to do something - whether it be placing a key in a key slot, or making up for a misdeed - he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And，more generally，he is less likely to view life — as Americans do - as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for himself, to solve problems on one's own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.【英译汉】

答案解析:      我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得很开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。
      但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。只要我们向孩子演示如何做某件事情——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自己想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。

5、

    Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing.

    However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parson's main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

答案解析:        初级社会化指的是儿童早期的训练，中级社会化关注的是对儿童人格发展和学习活动的影响，比如说他们在学校和老师，同学的交往。初始社会化在大多数社会中是通过家庭扶养完成的。在现代家庭中，父母扶养和教育子女一些最基础的东西，比如语言，正确的行为。扶养子女包括教孩子用厕所，正确地吃东西，鼓励孩子和别人相处等等。
        然而儿童不仅是在这些平凡的事情中学习。他们也潜移默化地学会大人对社会价值的看法。在Parson所关注的美国社会，这些价值观包括独立，进取，和竞争。另外的社会可能会强调不同的观念，比如合作，平等。然而，在不同社会，初级社会化背后的准则却是一样的：社会价值观的培养必须在一个充满爱和安全感的环境中进行，世界上任何一个完美的家庭都创造了这样的一种环境。