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（一）

The Policy of Mass Media

1) Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to make decisions as citizens ｏｒas private individuala.2) But neither the real difficulty of these decisions nor their true ａｎｄ　disturbing challenge to each individual can often be communicated through the mass media.3) The disinclination to suggest real choice which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy.4) The organs of the Establishment however well—intentioned they may be have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked ａｎｄ　will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which though they go through the motions of dispute ａｎｄ　inquiry do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt.5) They will tend to move when exposing problems well within the accepted cliché—assumptions of democratic society ａｎｄ　will tend neither radically to question these clichés nｏｒto make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life

参考译文

生活中充满了作为工民或个人必须作出决定的问题。但在媒体中不经常见到有反映作出这些决定的真实难度，也没有反映作出这些给他们带来的令人烦恼的难题。媒体不愿给出明确答案不只简单是一种取乐于顾客的广告手段。各种社会权力机构，尽管初衷可能是好的，都有自己的即得利益，确保社会的稳定，它们会设法影响新闻工作者，让他们不知不觉制作出的节目或写出的文章不痛不痒，不触及到问题的实质，虽然也装模作样地搞些辩论和调查。他们揭露问题往往只是在民主社会可以接受的老一套观点内进行。既不对这些老一套的表示出一点过激的疑问，在把它们到现代生活的专栏时也尽量不让各方面感到难堪。

（二）

The American ａｎｄ　the English

1) Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots in the obvious disparity between the environment ａｎｄ　traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century ａｎｄ　those of the English.2) The latter have lived under a relatively stable social ｏｒｃｅｒａｎｄ　it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect fｏｒwhat is customary ａｎｄ　of good report.3) Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions their whole lives were regulated perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards by a regard fｏｒprecedent.4) The Americans though partly of the same blood have felt no such restrain ａｎｄ　acquired no such habit of conformity.5) On the contrary they have plunged to the other extreme fｏｒthe conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity ａｎｄ　daring ａｎｄ　so they acquired that character of restlessness that impatience of forms that disdain of the dead hａｎｄ　which now broadly marks them.

参考译文

许多本质上的不同造成了美语从英语中分出来。而主要的不同是两种语言根植于两个完全不同的社会环境和文化传统。自欺欺人17世纪来，美国人和英国人在这两方面的差异十分明显。英国人相对说来生活在一个相对稳定的社会秩序里。这种秩序铭记在他们心灵里的是对习惯上和名誉上的东西有一种特有的尊敬。虽然第一次世界大战改变了他们大多数的风俗习惯，但在这之前，他们的全部生活，或许比其他任何民族的生活，除西班牙人，都更受到先例的制约。而虽然美国人中一部分的祖先是英国人，但他们没有这种约束。也没有这种一致性习惯的要求。相反，他们走到了另一个极端，因为他们国家的生活状况使他们看重的是好奇和冒险这恰恰相反的品质，这样他们养成的是不安现状，厌烦形式主义，藐视旧势力的影响的个性。这些个性在他们身上普遍反映出来。

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